"Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why violent video games should not be banned"? Get the original essayMotor control requires the integration of information Sensory systems that are relayed as action potentials flow through neuronal pathways through receptors such as mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors and thermoreceptors. Sensory systems are used for vision, touch, hearing, proprioception,. smell and taste, while receptors are used to detect internal and external stimulus are sensitive to specific stimuli For example, photoreceptors can transduce light into electrical signals or chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the blood. such as oxygen/carbon dioxide concentration After detecting the stimulus, the sensory neuron (also called an afferent neuron) transduces it. signal into an action potential or a graded potential. Sensory information travels along afferent nerve fibers following the path of ascending sensory pathways to the brain via the spinal cord. Sensory information is transported to a specific area of ​​the brain such as the visual cortex (located in the occipital lobe), the auditory cortex (located in the temporal lobe) and the somatosensory cortex (located in the parietal lobe). The somatosensory system leads to the primary somatosensory cortex, located in the postcentral gyrus, where touch, pressure, pain, sensation of movement, and proprioception are experienced. Electrical impulses passing through the spinal cord travel along ascending sensory pathways called the dorsal column pathway and spinothalamic pathway. The spinothalamic tract is a sensory pathway from the skin composed of two pathways: lateral spinothalamic and anterior spinothalamic. The lateral spinothalamic tract carries sensory information about pain (nociception) and temperature, while information from the anterior spinothalamic tract carries sensory information about indiscriminate and gross touch from the brain. The dorsal column tract, on the other hand, is responsible for proprioception, fine touch, two-point discrimination, and vibrations of the skin and mechanoreceptors. The ascending sensory pathways in the spinal cord use three different neurons to transmit information from the receptor to the brain via the spinal cord: primary afferent neurons, second-order neurons, and thalamus neurons. Primary afferent neurons detect the stimulus, for example mechanoreceptors in the skin are sensitive to changes in pressure and trigger an action potential. Primary afferent neurons have their cell body in the dorsal root ganglion and an axon that projects toward the spinal cord. The dorsal root ganglion contains numerous sensory cell bodies intended for different sensory modalities. The action potential reaches the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion and then the second order neurons. Second-order neurons originating from the nuclei relay information to the thalamus and their axons pass through the cord – this is called decussation. Thalamic neurons ascend to the somatosensory cortex where axons form a synapse with the primary somatosensory cortex and sensory information is sent to the cortex via the thalamus. The ascending pathways of the spinal cord take different paths. The dorsal column pathway has pathways that pass through the medial lemniscus. While the spinothalamic tract has its own ascending pathway. The two ascending sensory pathways."