Two key parameters that needed to be calculated in order to plot the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) are the breaking strength ratio, Kr, and the load ratio, Lr. A structure is considered safe if the fracture toughness, KI, is less than its critical value KIc, while the structure will fail if the ratio KI to KIc is equal to 1. Lr determines the fracture behavior. There are two types of material failure; plastic collapse and brittle fracture. Plastic collapse is a slow mechanism by which materials begin to change permanently. Plastic collapse provides greater load capacity. Failure due to plastic collapse allows a margin of safety because it develops over a long period of time. Therefore, a failure can be detected early and necessary arrangements can be made to avoid accidents. While brittle fracture occurs quickly and is considered the most dangerous failure because there is no room for a safety margin. Due to the low ductility of the material, signs of distortion may not appear until the material breaks. Figure 2 below illustrates the importance of the FAD diagram. If a plot of Kr and Lr lies in the upper left side of the graph, the material is predicted to approach brittle failure, while the material is said to plastically collapse if a plot lies in the portion lower part of the graph. Figure 2: Meaning of failure evaluation diagram (Ragupathy et al., 2010). As for the question, the Kr and Lr routes are located in the FAD security region. This means that the vessel can still be operated under the minimum working pressure of 30 MPa or less to maintain the integrity of the vessel. However, it is misleading to mention that the container must be able to withstand twice its working pressure. I...... middle of paper ......han normal breathing zone of workers. Vapors can spread quickly in the air and thus dilute its flammable concentration. Apart from this, if the relief valve is designed higher, the probability of vapor accumulation on the ground can be reduced, thereby reducing the creation of a flammable atmosphere. The transfer distance between the tanker and the storage area can be shortened so that fugitive emissions throughout the process can be reduced. In the event of overfilling, a fixed volume of materials must be designed to be transferred to each process rather than relying on the level or pressure gauge. Thus, even if the level or pressure indicator fails, the risk of overfilling the tank can be avoided. Additionally, transferring N-heptane in smaller batches can also reduce possible hazards that may present during filling and transfer processes...