CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION1.1 Research BackgroundRecently, toothbrushing technique has raised concerns and has also been the subject of much debate. Many suggestions have been put forward, but it has been argued that different dentitions may require different techniques. Any technique that gives good results in controlling plaque without damaging teeth or soft tissues is considered satisfactory (Harman, 2001). A number of tooth brushing techniques have been used over the years, namely Bass/Modified Bass technique, Horizontal scrub technique, Modified Stillman technique, Charter method, Roll technique, Physiological method and last but not least Fones technique (Rao, 2008). Any technique must be able to clean all surfaces of all teeth. A two-minute toothbrushing session is normally recommended to clean the facial, lingual, occlusal and incisal surfaces of all teeth (Phinney and Halstead, 2000). Removing plaque is of crucial importance to prevent tooth decay and gum disease and also to achieve good oral hygiene. Brushing your teeth is one of the most effective ways to remove plaque. Therefore, it should be started from the eruption of the first milk tooth itself. It must be established as a daily routine from early childhood, because good oral hygiene is a fundamental step in the development of a disease-free oral cavity from infants to adolescents (Harman, 2001; Rao, 2008; Srivastava, 2011). Young children have limited manual dexterity to clean their teeth themselves, but they can be encouraged to care for their teeth from the age of 2 or 3 (Bimstein, et al., 2001). Thus, adult supervision is important until the child has developed sufficient dexterity to brush their teeth effectively, which is in the middle of the paper.......for this research, there there is a difference in effectiveness between the Fones and horizontal scrub techniques on the removal of dental plaque in kindergarten children, with the Fones technique being the most effective technique.Diagram 1.1 Schematic diagram of the conceptual framework1.6 Method researchThe method used for this research is truly experimental with 40 children from the Taman Kanak -Kanak Al-Ikhlas 04 kindergarten as population and sample. They were chosen through a purposive sampling technique to participate in this research through which the difference in effectiveness between Fones and horizontal scrub techniques on plaque removal in kindergarten children can be determined . The data collected in this research is tested using Student's t-test.1.7 Location and time of the researchThe research was conducted at Taman Kanak-Kanak Al-Ikhlas 04 from January 2014 to February. 2014.