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  • Essay / Urbanization issues and sustainable development

    Cities around the world are growing. When the war ended in 1942, a significant number of people moved to the city because they wanted to improve their lives. This urbanization process poses a number of problems and should be resolved by sustainable development policies. At the beginning, it is important to know the definition of sustainable development. There are a few definitions of sustainable development, but they simply say that sustainable development is development that uses current resources and preserves them for future generations (Adams, 1999, p. 137). This concept was agreed internationally at a Rio conference in 1992 to be implemented by all government policies, primarily known as the principles of “Agenda 21” (Adams, 1999, p. 141 ). This article will show that traffic congestion and housing problems caused by urbanization can be solved by sustainable development policies. The structure of this article will first explain the situation that leads to traffic jams and housing problems. Next, it will elaborate on the sustainability solutions, the implications for the solutions, and evaluate the effectiveness with which the sustainability solutions have addressed the problems. A general situation of urbanization trend in developing and developed countries is worsening. In the 18th century, only 3% of the world's population lived in urban areas, but as predicted by 2000, this figure will increase by more than 50% (UN cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to the UN (cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144), the total urban population of developing countries is estimated to have increased from around 400 million people in 1950 to around 2 billion people in 2000. in developed countries is double...... middle of paper ......ment has not implemented the policies. It is therefore strongly recommended to implement them as soon as possible.BibliographyAdams, WM (1999). Sustainability. In P. Cloke., P. Crang and M. Goodwin (Eds.), Overview of human geographies (pp. 125-130). London: Arnold. Bilham-Boult, A., Blades, H., Hancock, J., Keeling, W. and Ridout, M. (1999). People, places and themes. Oxford: Heinemann. Chaffey, J. (1994). The challenge of urbanization. In M. Naish & S. Warn (Eds.), Basic geography (pp. 138–146). London: Longman. Elliot, J.E. (1999). An introduction to sustainable development. London: Routledge. Newman, P. (1999). Transport: reduce car dependence. In D. Satterthwaite (Ed.), The Earthscan reader in sustainable cities (pp. 67-92). London: Earthscan Publications. Thisdell, D. (1993). Can Los Angeles kick the car habit? New scientist, 138(1877), 24-29.