Astronomy in Babylonia was one of the first moments in history that demonstrated a strong use of mathematical theory. Before that, it was believed that the earth was surrounded by a large mass to which the stars were attached. Magic, mysticism and the heavens had a huge influence on the astronomy of this era. However, around 400 BC, mathematics began to play a crucial role in determining lunar and solar theories as well as planetary motion. Epping and Kugler were two scholars who, having discovered ancient tablets dating back to the Babylonian era in the British museum, dedicated their lives to deciphering the tablets and without their commitment, thousands of tablets containing information and data would still be hidden and an important part of Babylonian history. of astronomy would remain unknown in museums and libraries around the world. Approximately 300 of the recovered tablets contain mathematical astronomy, however, it has been estimated that approximately one thousand additional tablets copied by Pinches and Sachs (1900-1955) containing qualitative astronomical descriptions have been added. to these texts. Lunar theory appears to be the most predominant area of ​​Babylonian astronomy with more than half of the texts dealing with the subject. The Babylonian calendar was thought to be truly lunar, meaning that they based their months beginning with the first visibility of the new crescent and thereafter their days began in the evening at first visibility. Additionally, the Babylonians observed decades of eclipses and knew that solar eclipses only occurred at the end of the month at the new crescent and lunar eclipses only occurred at the full moon. Cycles were used by the Babylonians which lasted 12, sometimes 13 months depending on the harvests......middle of paper......early 20th century. Kugler's work "Babylonische Mondrechnung" (1900) was the first publication to contain procedural texts and remains to this day the most important procedural text for the lunar system A. Otto Neugebauer (1899-1990) moved to the second phase of the development of the decipherment of the Babylonian tablets. Neugebauer spent twenty years interpreting and analyzing the tablets and created the Astronomical Cuneiform Texts (1995), the first standard edition of the corpus of mathematical astronomy. These procedural texts contain 108 tablets and fragments, including all published and unpublished tablets and fragments from the British Museum. Sachs and Schaumberger discovered the latest astronomical texts dated to 75 AD. These theories were found to be of the highest mathematical level, analogous to the equivalent Greek systems..