Wolff's presentation describes what was read in chapters 16-18, when discussing unemployment. He emphasizes the points of aggregate demand, unemployment and the government's monetary and budgetary policies. As defined in the textbook in Chapter 16, “aggregate demand is the total demand for goods and services over the course of a year.” It includes the total amount of consumption expenditure (consumer goods), investment (capital goods), government expenditure (government products and services) and net exports. As stated several times in the textbook, Keynes suggests that government can reduce unemployment. If we change taxation and wasteful government spending, we would be able to create more jobs, thereby leading to a lower unemployment rate. Employment rates would have a chance to increase thanks to deficit spending, lower interest rates and higher wages. The concept of unemployment affects society in two ways. These methods take the form of wasted goods and services, as well as personal insecurity and hardship. When it comes to personal insecurity and hardship, as can be seen in many jobs, especially in small retail stores, employees are not paid much. Many are not offered insurance, workers' compensation, disability, etc. and it's worse when you're unemployed. You depend on government assistance. If the government helped create jobs for the unemployed, avoiding spending money unnecessarily, there would be more jobs in society. This thus leads to a reduction in the number of unemployed. It is interesting how Keynes thinks unemployment would decrease if the government gets involved, but Wolff's argument differs. He says the United States has tried many times and at different levels of monetary and fiscal policies to get out of depression, repression or even unemployment. He gave the example of the great crisis of the 1930s, the great depression. From 1929 to 1939, President Hoover and Roosevelt grew tired of these policies and were unable to emerge from the depression. It failed. It was not until World War II that the United States emerged from the depression. Furthermore, since 1989, Japan has experienced a severe recession. Japan has not emerged from its depression, even 18 years later. And they tried these monetary and fiscal policies and it didn't work. The Keynesian notion of government monetary and fiscal policies is just wishful thinking in Wolff's mind. I agree with him when we consider the facts of the past and his many failures. I thought the idea of ​​American exceptionalism was very interesting.