Most protected areas in Africa share common characteristics: low support from local communities living around them and historically poor public relations (Kideghesho et al. , 2006). The demotion of indigenous people through conventional conservation policies and laws adopted by colonial governments and then conceded to postcolonial governments confirmed this situation as they terminated all their customary rights and management approaches (Campbel and al., 2001). Indigenous people were not only excluded from any political discussion relating to wildlife conservation issues (Gibson and Marks 1995), but also from the hunting of socio-economic status species such as antelope, buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and hippos (Hippopotamus amphibius) (Kideghesho et al., 2006). Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Local people have been forcibly evicted from their land since the policies adopted saw them as a problem in conservation initiatives, hence the introduction of an approach of fences and fines ( Tumer and Hulmer, 1997). Local people expected that after independence the postcolonial government would restore their lost customary rights, but as they needed economic support, they adopted colonial policies anyway, justifying their resentment at the time. regard to wildlife resources (Neuman, 2002; Nelson, 2003). They violated laws and poached wild animals at unsustainable levels, prompting the Tanzanian government to adopt stricter methods of dealing with lawbreakers, but it did not stop illegal activities (Bonner, 1993; Neuman (2002). In the 1970s and 1980s the situation was worse as Tanzania's natural resources sector received only 1.2% of the national development budget, this underfunding was due to The economic recession that many African countries went through (Kideghesho, 2006) accelerated the rate of poaching and the animals most affected were the rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) and the elephant (Loxodonta africana) (Wasser et al., 2007). For example, in the Selous reserve alone, 50% of these species were lost, while in the Serengeti, rhinos were pushed to the brink of extinction and the elephant population reduced by 80. % over a ten-year period between 1975 and 1986 (Baldus et al., 2003; Dublin and Hamilton, 1987), hence the failure of the fences and fines approach, which led to the adoption of extinction measures. community approach to natural resource management. The approach recognizes local communities as essential to neighborhood conservation initiatives, although it faces many challenges that prevent it from ending illegal hunting. A major challenge is that the benefits produced by this approach do not outweigh those of illegal hunting (Gadd, 2005). Recently, the Tanzanian government, in addition to a community-based approach to natural resources, has introduced a paramilitary approach by law enforcement and other workers. natural resources sector receive military training to combat poaching (Kideghesho, 2006). However, this is still not enough to combat poaching and cause the Tanzanian government to make serious efforts to contain this problem by enacting and enforcing wildlife laws (Ogden et al., 2009). Law enforcement patrols attempt to control illegal hunting, but the economic benefits.., 2000).