CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 ContextNowadays, companies must face competition that is becoming increasingly harsh and severe, particularly in manufacturing industries. All industries continually strive to establish a new goal to improve the organization of their processes and the efficiency of their management. In this competitive environment, industries must identify the best solution to meet the demand and satisfaction of their customers. Near-net shape technology is one of the most innovative concepts that represents a significant opportunity in today's manufacturing industry for better dimensional accuracy, shorter product development process and lower cost. The main objective of this technology is to produce parts as quickly as possible until their final version. shape and flexibility. The technology must also generate the possibility of reducing the productive step for a given process chain. The fundamental objective integrates several other advantages such as reduction of process variability, improvement of finished product quality and the possibility of focusing the design of mechanical devices on functional characteristics, elimination...