This essay will explain the biopsychosocial influences on the health and well-being of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. To maintain the confidentiality of patients and staff required by NMC, a pseudonym must be used to refer to the patient as Norbert. The author will define the meaning of health and well-being while emphasizing areas such as biological, psychological, and sociological theories. The author will explain in more detail the anatomy and physiology of Norbert's care system and how it works. Additionally, the author will also explore the ways in which health promotion will play a role in improving Norbert's health and well-being. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get the original essay The biopsychosocial model was invented by Engel after he realized the limitations of the biomedical model which described microscopic biology as the primary cause of human illness.Norbert is a man in his fifties who has been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia; he has a history of substance abuse. Norbert is currently single and has never been married; he is unemployed and currently living in an assisted living facility. Comer (2010) describes schizophrenia as a mental illness that results in a loss of contact with reality. People with schizophrenia exhibit clumsy behavior, mixed with disturbed minds and disorganized characteristics. The clumsy behavior and character exhibited by schizophrenia patients is due to the inability of the neurocognitive functioning of the brain. Additionally, Nestor et al. (2017) suggest that most people with schizophrenia experience positive or negative symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, cognitive impairment, limited emotional expressions, and depression. Schizophrenia can affect anyone (affects any type of human being) and is diagnosed from the late teens to the early 30s. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Nestor et al. (2017) further explains that schizophrenia is the result of an imbalance of neurotransmitters within the membranes responsible for sending and receiving neurological signals. The neurotransmitters involved are dopamine, glutamate and serotonin. Waugh and Grant (2014) defined neurotransmitters as a chemical reserved and released through the synapse when neurons relay signals to targeted receptor neurons. Biological drivers of biopsychosocial influences that can affect human health include genetics, infections, medical pain, and trauma. Fiocco and Mallya (2014) suggest that these biological factors affect a person's health and well-being and that if subsequent changes trigger any of these factors, these will have a negative impact on their health and well-being. -be. Bliksted et al. (2017) describes positive symptoms of schizophrenia as thought disorders, movement disorders, hallucinations, and delusions. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia will primarily affect emotions. Research in the UK has shown that schizophrenia is linked to premature mortality with men diagnosed with schizophrenia dying 15 years earlier than women. Additionally, Crump et al. (2013) suggested that ischemic heart disease and cancer are two common causes of death in schizophrenia patients. Norbert is paranoid about beingmonitored by external forces. These results are supported by Felmet et al. (2011) when he suggested that depressive and paranoid behaviors may result from components such as negative and positive symptoms or a reaction to extreme psychosis. Norbert's symptoms, such as low self-esteem, poor hygiene, and isolation, can be described as neurobiological factors. Norbert also exhibits other symptoms, including paranoia, delusions, hallucinations, and lack of interest that derive from brain biochemistry. All of these symptoms will need to be treated with the use of antipsychotic medications; However, these antipsychotic medications are known to have a negative effect on patients, as most of them may end up developing other physical health problems, such as diabetes, low libido, cardiovascular disease, low self-esteem, tremors, diabetes and weight gain. Antipsychotic medications are highly sedating, which can cause patients to experience fatigue, low self-esteem, and interrupted sleep patterns. Norbert may be subject to other illnesses related to antipsychotic medications. He has been treated for pneumonia and the flu in the past and there is a risk of the pneumonia recurring as he remains dependent on his antipsychotic medications. According to DH (2016), the research carried out proves that there is a high risk. of physical health problems that contribute to a long-term mental health problem and the need for physical activity to combat the problem. Norbert would have less contact with his family and childhood friends. A study by Gunnmo and Fatouros Bergman (2011) indicates that the lack of social contact for a schizophrenic patient will have a significant impact on their health and well-being. The study highlights that to avoid relapse in a schizophrenic patient, family, friends and social contacts play a major role in reducing the risk of relapse. The feeling of belonging, as well as the love and support of family, brings comfort to schizophrenia patients and reduces the risk of relapse. Employment is a factor that can also reduce the risk in a schizophrenic patient when they have the opportunity to try to realize their personal goals, ambitions and desires by working and earning money. Norbert seems to lack the motivation to look for work as he fears. that people will insult him when he has hallucination/paranoia episodes at work. Norbert has gained weight because of the antipsychotic medications he takes, one of the side effects of which is weight gain. Being overweight has a major impact on Norbert as he lacks self-confidence, which is blamed on his size making him unable to carry out warehouse work. Norbert will need to work with the occupational therapist (OT) to learn other professional skills that he enjoys, as well as to identify a gym that will suit him, that is, one that offers low-stimulus physical exercises. A study by Holley et al. (2011) highlighted that physical activities and exercise have a positive effect on the mental health and well-being of schizophrenia patients. Activities such as using the gym, cycling, swimming and dance groups will help Norbert avoid other diseases, such as diabetes and ischemic heart disease. These groups can also be used to encourage and promote social networking, self-confidence, raise awareness and educate patients, while promoting the psychological well-being of schizophrenia patients. Norbert could get involved in a community social activity of his choice that could help him gain confidence inhim. Other methods to reduce any risk or relapse would be to provide quality care and organize and implement evidence-based programs while encouraging Norbert to enjoy his life in a social setting. Since Norbert has gained weight, physical exercise will have a positive effect on his health. health and well-being. Norbert would need a gym instructor to work with him, as excessive exercise can also lead to heart complications. Norbert will benefit socially from his attendance at the gym because he will have the opportunity to improve his social network by meeting new people. This would have the advantage of strengthening his interpersonal relationships and his self-esteem. The reason Norbert may feel stigmatized and socially excluded may be related to his poor personal hygiene resulting from the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Weight gain, poor personal hygiene and poor diet are major risks faced by schizophrenia patients. Norbert currently shares common areas and has his own room; he tends not to join other peers during meals or activity sessions. Norbert normally prefers to eat in his room and does not clean up afterwards; he isolates himself from other peers and, as a result, the acquisition of social skills that will be necessary for his recovery and reintegration into society will be blocked. Due to the lack of contact with family or friends, Norbert is likely to suffer from increased paranoia, resulting in a limited social and support network. The biomedical model was commonly used by scientists and has now been replaced by a more robust model of biopsychosocial factors. which separates research into biological, psychological and social systems. Strickland and Patrick (2015) stated that the biomedical model will focus only on the biological or physical aspects of illness, whereas with the biopsychosocial model the focus will be on all aspects of biological, psychological, and social factors. Psychological factorsNorbert experiences hallucinations and voices telling him "things that are not good" and this will increase his anxiety. He also experiences ideations, for example that he has a house and children that his wife takes away from him and that she hides her children from him. Norbert also reports that he is suffering from cancer that is eating away at his brain, although a physical examination by specialists showed negative results for cancer. Norbert's treatment plan involves the use of atypical antipsychotics and procyclidine hydrochloride tablets for tremors. Fiocco and Mallya (2014) suggested that psychological factors are infinite in that one cannot limit them to brain dysfunction, as there are also other mental factors to consider, such as behavior and dysfunction. cognitive. Ellison Maso and Scior (2015) describe low self-esteem, low self-confidence, and lack of decision-making as factors that will dominate the psychological drivers of human well-being. The psychological factors that dominate Norbert's health and well-being are paranoia, hallucinations, isolation, lack of self-esteem and confidence. Awan et al (2017) argue that psychological factors cannot be the only major problems that can affect the health of a schizophrenia patient. In Norbert's case, he is affected by all types of biopsychosocial factors and he will benefit from psychology sessions, cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT), self-help groups, social skills training and art therapy. Social factors (2016).