According to Forgione (2008), calamities are classified into two distinct categories: natural disasters, which include earthquakes, floods and hurricanes; and man-made disasters, such as terrorism and industrial disasters. The complexity, location or time of the next disaster cannot be predicted by anyone. However, in the event of a man-made disaster, especially for those involved in terrorism, medical providers consider this the most difficult disaster threat due to the unpredictability of the feat and the number of disasters. victims involved. A mass casualty exploit is considered an event that causes heavy casualties and disrupts the normal ability of the affected community to function. The range and severity of injuries, as well as the number of casualties, are an important factor in deciding whether the mass casualty incident will overburden that locality's medical and public health infrastructure. There is a popular narrative that all calamities are different, but the commonality after every disaster is the fundamental medical and public health issues that are common to all disasters for which their etiology is not considered. Triage is considered the most important task in the disaster response scenario. Disaster triage is different from standard medical triage in that standard triage provides many benefits to the patient, whereas disaster triage provides the greatest good to a large number of patients. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essayAccording to Katez et al (2017), emergency prevention and preparedness at the local level with municipal and state authorities, tribal leaders and governors responsible for any disaster. Responsibilities for emergency management functions are conventionally entrusted by the state and regional government. Responsibilities for biological threats fall on emergency response agencies, private and public medical institutions, state and regional public health departments, which generally lack clear funding mechanisms for sustained preparedness activities, without shortage of competing priorities. Federal planning guidance assumes that state and local authorities will lead the initial response to a disaster or emergency, with federal action occurring only under certain conditions. According to Haigh and Amaratunga (2010), a sequence of disasters that gradually increased the degree of unpredictability faced by emergency arrangements and embattled policy makers. The roots and causes of these calamities are numerous, but they have reinforced the need to proactively determine disaster risks and increase a community's flexibility in meeting development criteria. The findings presented here serve to highlight and support the growing identification that built environment managers have an important role to play in effective disaster planning. It also appears highly desirable that the discipline of the built environment is capable of granting increasing resilience through a methodology of an interdisciplinary nature. The term built environment emerged and was used in the 1990s and, although relatively new, it attempts to describe in an integrated and holistic concept theresult of human activities. The tasks considered central to their work involve “the design, planning, maintenance management and monitoring of aesthetic and functional arrangements of built environments” and “the development and discovery of suitable solutions regarding the standard and use of the built environment in rural, suburban and urban areas. According to Fernandez et al (2002), a disaster victim's ability to respond, prepare and recover depends on a variety of factors that are generally beyond the scope of action.rapid control of the individual. The longevity and severity of the event, the effectiveness of warning systems, the health status of the victim and their access to resources are some of the factors that affect a person's ability to respond and recover. individual. Victims, who are socially isolated and confined to their homes or have reduced coping capacity, may meet halfway to their potential to respond and recover from disasters. Individuals regularly rely on medication, nursing care and the provision of care and food by voluntary agencies can also be dangerous. Previously existing limitations, such as reduced mobility, can present major disadvantages in the event of a disaster. During sudden disasters such as earthquakes and floods, older adults may be physically unable to protect themselves or quickly leave a building. According to Shi (2012), in different political and economic systems, the government plays various roles in managing public issues and affairs. . But in the case of public affairs such as government disaster risk management, the government plays an important role in the economic and federal system of the capitalist market. Everyone is equal in the eyes of the law and the government must take responsibility for the welfare of the people in its disaster risk management. As we are in an era of scientific development, the government is able to play a leading role in disaster management; this obligation is part of the power granted to the overall system, the methodology of policy development and implementation, as well as the legislation covering integrated disaster risk management. As a country facing many natural calamities and serious disaster situations, it has paid attention to its legislation relating to the management of different natural disasters. Under the organization of the legislative affairs office of the State Council, several regulations regarding integrated disaster risk management have been adopted by the standing committee of the National People's Congress. A comprehensive set of laws and regulations have been established, especially in the case of disaster relief and emergency management, which represents the leading role played by governments at different levels. People's governments at the national level will be responsible for responding to emergency situations that arise in their own administrative areas; the people's government of the next higher level, to which the people's governments of the administrative areas are subordinate, shall bear responsibility, or the people's governments of the next higher level of the respective people's governments of the administrative areas mentioned shall jointly bear responsibility. According to Atlay and Green (2006), calamities are large, intractable problems that challenge the ability of nations and communities to effectively protect their infrastructure and populations, reduce both material losses andhuman and to recover quickly. The true randomness of impacts and effects as well as the originality of incidents demand dynamic, efficient and cost-effective solutions in real time, making the topic very suitable for OR/MS research. While the humanities and social sciences literature benefits from an unlimited number of articles on natural disaster management, the OR/MS community has yet to produce a critical mass. Emergency response efforts include two different stages: pre-event and post-event response. Pre-event tasks involve predicting and analyzing potential hazards and developing the necessary action plans to evacuate. Post-event response begins while the disaster is still ongoing. At this stage, the issues would be the allocation, coordination, management and location of resources. An effective emergency response plan must integrate these two steps into its objective. Additionally, they include the separation of intentions before and after the loss, which can lead to suboptimal solutions to the overall problem. According to Welzel et al (2010), the population increases gradually, allowing for a larger effect after small and large events as well. In addition, medical systems suffer from daily disorder and the lack of potential for even a small increase in the number of patients and also the type of patients. To increase the volume of crisis patients in the long term, there may be a short-term increase in peak demand. Emergency departments become targets for patients when primary medical care or health and ambulatory care systems do not do their job effectively. Many measures need to be taken to manage disaster risk. Alternative health care centers may be opened, a number of elective surgeries may be canceled, stable emergency patients and inpatients may be discharged, off-duty or standby staff may be called in to manage the catastrophic surge. A clear plan must be developed to define who has the authority to take the first action in the face of such a disaster for a system to operate effectively. Additionally, the trigger points that trigger these costly measures are specified. According to Manastireanu (2010), the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction defines disaster as an incident resulting in greater serious damage to human lives, material, environmental and economic losses beyond the potential of the disaster victims to manage with their own resources. resources. The study of post-disaster needs for joint trauma and intensive care provides the basis for infrastructure development in the pre-disaster phase. This will allow us to focus more on the impossibility faced by all sick people, particularly children and women. Recognition and assessment of risks during the phase preceding the disaster makes it possible to prepare the response to the possible effects of the disaster, to create positive conditions for effectiveness and to ignore both under- and over-assessment if this is possible. Preparedness programs should include training members of regional communities to provide medical care that should be more appropriate, more accurate and also sustainable. National emergency management must be able to identify lines of authority at the national and local levels, databases of national experts from different fields of medicine can be consulted on specific issues; formal procedures and links to coordinate efforts with other countries and officials.