The right to a jury trial in modern times has its origins in 12th-century England, during the reign of King Henry II. This system may originate from an "ancient right for an accused to be tried only 'by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land'" (Thomas). In the United States, trial by jury is mentioned in Article Three of the Constitution and the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Amendments. To many people, the jury system seems to be the fairest and most impartial system for determining a person's innocence or guilt. The system aims to ensure that everyone receives a fair trial, regardless of race, gender, national origin, religion, political affiliation or color. Jury service has the distinction of being the only form of civic participation required for almost all citizens to perform today. However, as with all things, this system is not perfect and still has its own consequences. The entire justice system in the United States is made up of laws, statues, and codes. A case can pass through many levels of the court system until it is dismissed based on controversy, evidence, criticism, etc. In the United States, the right to a jury is guaranteed in all fifty states. In England and Wales there is no modern constitutional right to a jury trial, but it is the right most supported in the public mind. Some trials are without a jury and are conducted solely by a judge, as in "Judge Judy." Jury systemThe jury system is divided into small and grand juries. Petit juries are for trials in civil and criminal cases. While grand juries are intended for the prosecutor in federal criminal cases, they must present evidence to the grand jury to determine whether there is "probable cause" to believe that an individual has committed a crime. ......Company. American Bar Association, nd Web. May 2014. .Furgeson, Royal judge. "The Jury in To Kill A Mockingbird: What's Wrong?". » Texas Bar Journal (2010): 488+. Internet. May 2014. “Jury service”. USCOURTSGOV RSS. Np, and Web. May 2014. Lee, Harper. To kill a mockingbird. Columbus: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2000. Print. Thomas, Cheryl. “Are juries fair? Justice. GOV.UK, February 2010. Web. May 2014. Uschan, Michael V. The Scottsboro Affair. Milwaukee, WI: World Almanac Library, 2004. Print.