In this sense, sometimes normalization is essential and sometimes not. Advantages: Standardized upgrades are generally faster than standard DE updates. At the point when information is largely standardized, there is virtually no information copied, so there is less information to modify. Normalized arrays are smaller, so they fit better in memory and perform better. The absence of repetitive information means there is less need for a DISTINCT or GROUP BY query when retrieving quality arrangements. Disadvantages: Disadvantages are most often related to recovery. Any non-trivial question on a very normalized plane will probably require at least one join, and maybe a few. It is expensive and can make some indexing procedures incomprehensible (Gary Shelly,