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  • Essay / The Unconscious Hero - 1169

    Bram Stoker's Dracula is a tale that sets its characters on a path of psychological turmoil and heroic satisfaction. The supernatural nature of the vampire as well as its apparently human form makes it possible to analyze these characters as being archetypes of the personal unconscious of the human characters who face them, in particular the shadow and the anima/animus as postulated by Carl Jung in his text Aion. . Furthermore, the purely human characters who encounter these vampires, and therefore their own unconscious, thus become themselves an archetype of hero within their personal narrative, as Joseph Campbell postulates in his text The Hero with a Thousand Faces. This is evident when comparing Jonathan Harker's first motivated confrontation with Dracula in his bedroom, in which Jonathan cannot defeat the creature, with the episode in which Arthur Holmwood succeeds in destroying the vampire Lucy Westerna. This essay will demonstrate how the interactions between humans and vampires in the novel represent a heroic struggle between a person and their personal unconscious. Carl Jung says: “He must be convinced that he casts a very long shadow before he is willing to withdraw his emotions. tonic projections of their object. (Jung 7) This sentence best describes Jonathan Harker's state when he goes to face Dracula for the first time. Dracula is a projection of Jonathan's shadow and gains power over him due to Jonathan's ignorance of his own unconscious. The text demonstrates that Dracula is a psychological projection and therefore not real through the use of dehumanizing imagery such as calling him a "dirty leech" (Stoker 83) and "such a monster." (84). Jung also notes that in examining the middle of the paper, in describing the driving of the stake into Lucy's heart, he explains how her "body trembled, trembled, and twisted in wild contortions." (254) and describing Arthur “driving deeper and deeper the mercy-bearing stake.” (254) This scene serves as a metaphor for male domination, as can be seen by considering Freud's notion that subconscious images of wood and sticks represent the phallus in the subconscious. If we continue to follow this reasoning, this scene can be seen as Arthur defeating the taboo Lucy with his powerful penis, thus restoring balance to the universe with the man on top. Additionally, considering the phallic imagery used, this scene can be interpreted as the consummation of the engagement between Arthur and Lucy, thus establishing Arthur's dominance, as in the Victorian era the husband was the master of the woman..