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  • Essay / Mass media and body image and mass media

    In research, the body has been widely studied in relation to sport and physical activity (Duncan, 1994; Haugen, Ommundsen & Seiler, 2013; Kololo, Guszkowska, Mazur & Dzielska, 2012; However, sport scholars have rarely examined the experience of our bodies, which can be seen as problematic, particularly when examining sport in relation to gender (Duncan, 1994). It has been suggested that research often overlooks the distressing relationships between sport, physical activity, and body image (Haugen, Ommundsen, & Seiler, 2013; Henriques & Calhoun, 1999; Kololo, Guszkowska, Mazur, & Dzielska, 2012 ). Body image is a multidimensional construct that has been the subject of increasing scientific study in recent decades (Cash, 2005; Pruzinksy and Cash, 2002; Thompson, Heinberg, Altabe and Tantleff-Dunn, 1999). . Specifically, research has highlighted a key relationship between body image, body dissatisfaction, and societal agents, including mass media (Anschutz, Engels, & Strien, 2012; Balcetis et al., 2013; Cash, 2005; Knuass and Paxton, 2008). Mass media are considered the primary societal agents in many Westernized cultures (Lopez-Guimera, Levine, Sanchez-Carracedo, & Fauquet, 2010; Monteath & McCabe, 1997). Television, cinema, the fashion industry, advertising, magazines, newspapers and the Internet, combined with new media technologies such as Instagram and Facebook, are invading and occupying people's personal lives (Lawrie, Sullivan, Davies and Hill, 2006; Lopez-Guimera et al., 2010). These sociocultural factors are considered powerful determinants of body image development (Balcetis, Cole, Chelberg, Alicke, 2013; Cash, 2005; Hawkins, Richards, Granley, Stein, 2004; Lawri...... middle of the article... ...read bodies promote the objectification of bodies through body surveillance and body shame (Duncan, 1994; Foucault, 1979, 1980 This study aims to examine the effects of societal agents on). male body image using a Foucauldian framework assess the impact of mass media on male body image through the concepts of self-surveillance and disciplinary power. This will provide a better understanding of how current pressures on image. Body images presented by the media have a differential impact on the sexes due to the limited amount of current research on this topic of male body image. It has been hypothesized that current societal pressures from societal agents, including the media, will have. a negative impact on the body image of men similar to that of women. Additionally, the participant's personal view of their body image will be negatively affected by negative self-monitoring..