Over the past two decades, many changes have been characterized in health care work systems. One of these changes has been the assimilation of shift work systems and flexible working hours. The need for 24-hour care requires healthcare professionals to work with different shift systems such as 12-hour, 8-hour, 9-hour or 10-hour shifts. However, common shift work systems divide a 24-hour day into two (12 hours) or three (8 hours). However, this requires staff to adapt to different forms of shift work schedules. The negative impacts of shift work on worker health such as fatigue and sleep which are the main staff complaints, job performance, psychosocial well-being, and job dissatisfaction have been widely reported in the literature. (Poissonnet, 2000; Costa 1996). Community fatigue studies demonstrate the prevalence of fatigue in primary care studies, defined by loss of energy and worker fatigue ranging from 10% to 45% (Lewis & Wessely, 1992). This prevalence is associated with physical activity, psychosocial variables such as depression and anxiety, and psychological problems. NHANES data indicated that female respondents suffered from fatigue with a percentage of 20.4%, which was higher than male respondents (14.3%). This finding demonstrated a higher risk in women than in men, approximately 1.5 times higher (Chen, 1986). Fatigue is therefore considered a symptom resulting from shift work, which has an impact on health. It has a significant effect on the level of alertness, concentration, judgment, mood and performance, which could explain the increased risk of injury and medical error (Dawson and Zee, 2005). Additionally, fatigue may also undermine the evidence base for future research and clinical practice. The objectives that contribute to achieving the aim of the review are: • To systematically recognize and examine the available evidence • To describe and evaluate the methodological quality of currently selected studies. • Demonstrate the effect of work schedules on the health, well-being and satisfaction of nurses. • Identify the best shift work system for nurses. This chapter introduced issues of shift work and its impact on workers such as fatigue and sleep. He gave a brief rationale for this review and presented the aim and objectives. The following chapter will provide a more in-depth discussion of the literature review, presenting more on shift work, working hours and the research that has been done on the physical health and well-being of nurses, as well as the job satisfaction..