Table of contentsIntroductionCommon causes of cancerRole of mutationsTraditional cancer treatments/effectsSuccess rates of different treatmentsBreast cancerBrain cancerLung cancerImmune systemConclusionReferencesIntroductionCancer is identified as the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the body. more than 100 types of cancer that the human body can get and it can occur in all parts of the body. How it works is that the body's cells start dividing non-stop and eventually spread to surrounding body tissues, unlike what normally happens when the body only produces the cells once it has them. needs. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get an original essay There are many common types of cancer seen around the world, one of the most common forms being breast cancer, which increased by 3.5% compared to 1999, this means that approximately one in eight women will suffer from breast cancer. This increase is stranger because scientists have surely improved their knowledge and technology to achieve this. The reason why this cancer is still so common and widespread is due to the standard of living we currently live in and modern technologies that simply cannot cope with it. It's been found that consuming just one extra unit of wine (one glass contains two units) can increase your chances of developing breast cancer by ten percent, which isn't so great, but as it already is For such a common cancer, your chances will be 23.45% to 33.45%. It has even been estimated that the additional unit of wine increases the number of breast cancer patients by 11 additional patients per thousand. Cancer is a health issue, a woman (in this case) would significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer, while staying fit and heating healthily, as her body stays in tip top condition and will most likely be able to protect itself against a disease such as cancer. but in some cases it can happen even with the healthiest person, it all depends on your body and how it works. Our body is made up of millions of cells, inside each cell is a type of instruction manual called DNA, which has sections. called genes. Genes are there to tell the cell how to behave, such as when to make new cells and when to die to make room for new, healthier cells. When cells divide, they make a copy of their genes, so that each new cell receives the same instructions. Sometimes what happens is the instructions indicate that the cell might be affected or damaged, causing a mutation. The cause of this mutation could be due to a chemical imbalance or an environmental factor, it is even possible that there is a hereditary risk of cancer. Healthy cells are always told when to grow and divide at the right time, while cancer cells sometimes ignore the instructions given and continue to divide without control from the body. This is how cancer appears. In some cases, the cancer may remain latent and not affect your body, but in other cases, the cancer spreads to other parts of your body where they consume the resources of the tissues and organs surrounding it. There are a number of different steps you can take. to try to rule out cancer, we call it genomic testing. Genomic tests analyze cancer cell instructions to help identify mutationswhich could be causing the growth and spread of cancer. You then need to look at the different treatment methods to adopt and find the one that best suits your type of cancer. Depending on the stage and severity of your cancer, you will consider different options. For example; surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immune therapy. The surgery is simple and is usually performed, the cancer is detected early and is small enough to be removed. Radiation is used in small doses to slowly kill all the cancer cells in a particular part of the body. Chemotherapy is used to kill cancer if it is fast and divides too quickly to be irradiated, that is if the cancer spreads. Targeted therapy is a drug used to specifically target the mutation gene that causes cancer to grow or spread, blocks it, and stops that gene from replicating. Immunotherapy is the least toxic and most effective of all, using the power of your own immune system to attack cancer cells and stop the growth and production of the cancer gene. The following essay will give information about cancer, its types. , common causes and treatments.Common causes of cancerTobacco and cigarettes are made from dried tobacco leaves, along with flavorings added to the tobacco leaves to make them taste better and more addictive. Tobacco smoke has been tested and shown to contain 70 chemicals directly linked to cancer. Scientists call these chemicals carcinogens. Some examples of chemicals found in tobacco cigarettes include: hydrogen cyanide, lead, benzene, and arsenic, to name a few. Smoking tobacco can also be radioactive because tobacco leaves contain radioactive chemicals that they pick up from the soil. Excessive tobacco use can shorten a man's life by up to 12 years, and in women by up to 11 years. A person's physical activity and diet are two of the main factors that can influence cancer risk. To reduce the risk of cancer, you can eat fruits or vegetables at least two-thirds of your meals and eat less than eighteen ounces of red meat (beef, pork, or lamb) per week. You should also avoid processed foods like bacon, sausages, hot dogs and cold cuts; also try not to consume more than 1 tablespoon of salt per day. All of these things could lead to weight gain and a higher risk of cancer. To keep your body healthy and fit, you should exercise at least two and a half hours every week. The sun can also make your body age faster and make your skin droop and is a big cause of skin cancer. The sun releases waves of energy and the waves that hit the planet are 53% infrared, 43% visible and 4% higher energy ultraviolet light; this ultraviolet light can affect your skin and cause DNA damage. Your body has something called melanin that helps protect your skin from different UV rays. When UVB light hits your skin, it hits your skin directly, causing DNA damage. Your body tries to protect itself by now producing more melanin, although it takes a few days for the melanin to really take effect. UVA is different and passes through your skin. the skin is deeper than UVB, but your body reacts quickly to this and produces melanin; it is UVB that causes lasting damage to your DNA, which could lead to cancer ifdoesn't take care of yourself. Some ways to protect yourself from UV rays would be to stay indoors or wear more clothing when you are in the sun and always wear sunscreen. Role of Mutations A genetic mutation occurs when there is an alteration in a person's DNA, making them different from the norm. Not all mutations are bad, sometimes something like blue eye is a mutation but it has no effect on the person and they are not at a disadvantage in any way. Some mutations are different in size, for example they can affect a single gene or can affect a large number of genes, which usually has an effect on the person's life expectancy, leading to premature death. Random errors made by stem cells are responsible for two-thirds of mutations in cancer cells. Up to 5% of cancer mutations are hereditary, and 29% of cancer mutations are caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, such as smoking and lack of exercise, as well as poor diet. The third cause of cancer is a major cause because it is a random mutation that occurs and can remain latent for years, this is the case when older people are diagnosed with cancer by chance. It is often recommended to look back three generations to see if you might be hiding a cancer gene, and then from there the doctor will consider starting a screening process to scan the body to try and detect any signs of development early onset of cancer cells. Currently, mutation testing in cancer is just trial and error, where it takes single genes and tests them individually by looking for just one mutation at a time. The approach used also increases the time needed to obtain results and helps guide the therapeutic process. NGS (next generation sequencing) has the ability to sequence many or even thousands of genes from a single sample, then analyze those genes and determine the best therapeutic method. Traditional cancer treatments/effectsSurgery is mainly used when cancer is detected early and only found in one place. This is generally a safe method and is almost always successful unless it reappears and reforms. Depending on the age and health of the patient, this is usually the best method of treatment. Pain is a significant side effect of cancer surgery. Fortunately, it will go away after weeks and you may also be given painkillers. Another side effect after surgery would be fatigue, this could be loss of appetite and esthesia. This is when doctors prescribe medications to treat cancer, this is usually considered a scary method for most people, but medications treat cancer as well as help deal with pain and discomfort. discomfort you may feel. Chemotherapy can be used to kill cancer in all parts of your body, it doesn't just target one part of your body. Chemotherapy is also a very painful procedure and can cause pain such as: headaches, muscle pain, stomach pain and pain caused by nerve damage due to the medications taken. Chemotherapy can also cause constipation, nausea and vomiting. Radiotherapy is the most common way of treating cancer. It uses high-energy particles to focus on the cancerous part of the body and then kill it using gamma rays. The way radiation works is that it causes small breaks in the