Temperance MovementThe temperance movement, the movement that was both helped and hurt by racism, the movement led by women and which closed 7,000 saloons. It all started when Maine passed the first-ever state law banning the sale of alcohol. The temperance movement involved many different people. First, there was France Willard. He became president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1874. A few months later, she was promoted to organize the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union. In this group she lectured throughout the country, throughout her lectures she spoke and promoted the benefits of alcohol prohibition in the United States. There was also Father Mathew. Father Matthew volunteered as a priest for the Cork Total Abstinence Society in 1835, then became its president in 1838. Lyman Beecher was one of the American Presbyterian preachers who greatly influenced temperance reform. She preached 6 famous sermons on temperance in 1814. Then there was Mary Hunt who was the superintendent of the Scientific Temperance Education Department of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Mary was one of the most powerful women in the movement. Mary passed and enforced the law that required schools to teach from anti-drinking textbooks. Mary had complete control over which textbooks were used and which were vetoed. Mary has also educated more than 22 million students through her pro-abstinence education. Another important leader was William E. Johnson, who was the head of the anti-saloon leader. He was the editor of the Standard Encyclopedia of the Liquor Problem. Johnson traveled the world spreading the movement. Johnson was the inventor of many tricks used by ...... middle of paper ...... at that time, many people viewed alcohol as a threat. Then all these taverns started closing their doors and people started getting angry. Soon, the 18th Amendment was repealed. Soon, in 1933, Congress proposed the 21st Amendment. Many states began to honor this amendment, but there were still a few states that would not follow it. Once these few states saw everyone adopt the 21st Amendment, they abandoned the 18th Amendment allowing alcohol prohibition and went back to allowing alcohol. Since then, in the United States, a large percentage of people buy and drink alcohol. Therefore, although all members of the temperance movement organizations tried to keep the movement going, it did not work. They all failed drastically and after that it didn't take long for alcohol to reappear in the economy..