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  • Essay / Russia - 1187

    Russia, officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eastern Europe that was formerly under the control of the Soviet Communist Party in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, until its collapse in December 1991 as The nation began its transition to democracy. However, the transition from socialist rule to democracy proved very fateful for Russia, as it was marked by direct military involvement and widespread public protests during the constitutional crisis of 1993. Although it was a time when former President Boris Yeltsin (executive) was in a difficult situation, heated confrontation with the Russian Parliament (legislature formerly formed by the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet) over issues of control and overhaul of the constitution of government, it was actually a time when the nation was entrenched in political instability because many A political analyst would answer the question: why did the nation have problems with political instability? It all began to take root in early January 1992 when Boris Yeltsin, who faced "one of the most urgent challenges...to save the sinking Russian ship, economic" (Breslauer 2002: 153), decided to take the initiative to implement its economic reform policies to relieve the economy. Consequently, this caused many industries to go bankrupt, as prices quickly began to skyrocket, leading to a drastic drop in spending and further increase in taxes. Soon after, Yeltsin's reform began to be seen as too radical, which attracted the attention of Parliament because his actions were somewhat "unconstitutional" because "he was an autocrat who, without regard to formal constraints… acted unpredictably to achieve its objectives” (Rose and Munro 2002: 41), namely that it exercised its powers beyond constitutional norms to stabilize the economy. Moreover, Yeltsin realized that his special power to issue decrees was about to end in early 1993, but asked Parliament to revise or amend the constitution (since the 1978 Constitution vested him with power to do so) which would grant the president more power than he already had at the time thanks to the reactivation of his decree. On the contrary, the Parliament decided to decline his request, which led to a series of clashes between Yeltsin and the Parliament because “…Yelstein did not change his position regarding his relations with the Parliament and the power of the presidency » (Breslauer 2002: 167), to illustrate the will and determination of Elstine in the exercise of his powers so that the nation could truly obtain democracy.