One of the greatest scientific adventures of all time and at the heart of it is a very powerful small DNA molecule known as "the secret of life.” The Human Genome Project showed that the majority of the 3 billion base pairs, or 99%, are elements (selfish pieces of DNA using the body as a host) and only 1% of genes are active. By knowing the genetic maps of living organisms, they discovered that the difference between two people is one tenth of 100% (99% identical at the DNA level), and that 50% of human genes are present in the banana and 97% in the carrier yeast. and twice in fruit flies. Genome mapping discovery is a priority for identifying diseases before they occur and working on cures. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Scientists have worked hard to make these findings available to everyone. To illustrate this, since 1990, Congress has announced the project in which scientists around the world, at universities and government laboratories, have participated in a massive effort to read all the base pairs of 3 billion human DNA in order to to be able to find medicines and remedies. . They predicted that it would take 15 years, meaning a career-long process of decoding genes that was very long; for example, it took 10 years to find one protein and 1 year for 1,000 genetic codes. 10 years to find 1 genetic error that causes cystic fibrosis, 10 years for Huntington's disease and 15 years for 1 of the genes that increase the risk of breast cancer. What has sparked a race like a space race between public labs and Celera's genomics company is the competition to first reach the final line in knowledge of 3 billion base pairs. The government, which paid money using old methods, took this long to get there, unlike scientist J. Craig Venter, owner of the company Celera Genomics, who used machines (robots) and paid money. private money in the same way as government, but the work was faster and more efficient. In 1998, Dr. Venter announced that in just 2 years, the scale of 3 billion DNA would be demonstrated faster than anyone working on this public project. By 1990, Venter knew of scientists who were decoding DNA and genes and zeroing in on a protein in the brain. Machines were present and Venter used them so that human genomes were cut by robots into tiny pieces, colored to differentiate the genetic codes and the result was that thousands of base pairs per second were assembled together. In November 1999, Francis Collins, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, reached an important milestone and teams from major universities announced that they had completed one billion base pairs of DNA, or a third of the total genes marking him in the race. . Finally, in February 2001, the human genome was completely decoded and the government decided to call it Tie, meaning there is no winner between the two sides in achieving this success. In addition, Todd Dickinson, former director of the United States Patent Office, has filed patents on the number of components, compositions that are found in the human body such as a gene that codes for insulin and which is used to save the lives of people with diabetes. Pharmaceutical companies have problems because approving a single piece of research will take at leasttwo years, which will delay healing. Some private company scientists worked hard to research cures, but if this invention had an owner, then they would have to pay for it; This is why scientists saw it as a bad deal for society. Additionally, a number of companies decide not to continue working on known genes, because if it appears to have an owner, they have to pay for it. For this reason, some companies were trying to make new discoveries in the field of genes. On the other hand, some proponents of patents argue that they provide a key incentive for pharmaceutical companies because it allows them to earn millions of dollars if they made a discovery with a patent. For this reason, scientific researchers suddenly found themselves in an unknown world ruled by big money and they only become entrepreneurs by profiting from science (whether they accept it or not). While others debated that what was happening in medical research fields would not happen if they were published and presented to everyone at no cost, unlike the Celera company who believed that the human genome and other related species were only products and less tangible than a machine. .In addition, the Human Genome Project offered the opportunity to better understand the disease. Take the case of baby Riley, 13 days old, and he was tested for cystic fibrosis (CF). Cystic fibrosis (CF) attacks several organisms in the body but especially the lungs and. This disease is detected by several tests, in fact its victims suffer from chronic respiratory infections and half of all patients with cystic fibrosis die before the age of 30. Riley had a small error in his DNA, only 3 letters out of 3 billion were missing. Due to this error, few changes or distortions in the proteins caused a catastrophe. Proteins help salt move in and out of the cell, but without them, the salt remains trapped inside the cell, which sets off the whole reaction chain that makes the cell surface sticky and covered in a thick mucus. Tony has cystic fibrosis, but that's not usually the case. Cystic fibrosis usually develops early in childhood, but in her case, symptoms didn't appear until she was 15 years old. She is now in her 40s and goes to the hospital three times a year to clear her lungs and continue as normal. Dr. Craig Gerard believes the secret to what happened lies in his genes. These genes allowed it to have more beneficial properties like a protein or two, which led the doctor to look for special ingredients present in it. This shows that diseases vary from disease to disease due to genes. In addition, the importance of knowing the human genetic map early on played an important role in discovering the disease before it occurred. For example, baby Hayden, who always smiled and developed normally in the first months, his parents later realized that he was developing slowly. It was clear after the age of one, he didn't act like other children his age. There was a serious problem with him, he never hurried, didn't talk, didn't eat with his fingers, more and more difficult to swallow, then he went blind and couldn't move on his fingers, it looked like to degeneration as we age. Everything that happened to baby Hayden was due to Tay-Sachs disease, caused by a genetic disorder that destroys the brain and led to his death before his third year. The cause of this illness was that a letter was.