The first paradigm of international relations is the theory of realism. Realism focuses on ideas of self-interest and balance of power. Realism is also divided into two categories, classical realism and neo-realism. A famous political theorist, Hans Morgenthau was a classic realist who believed that the national interest rested on three elements: the balance of power, military force, and self-interest (Kleinberg 2010, 32). It uses four levels of analysis to assess the power of a state. The first is that power and influence are not always the same thing. Influence means the ability to influence the decision of those who have the power to control outcomes, and power is the ability to determine outcomes. An example of influence and power would be the ability of the UN to influence the actions of states within the UN, but the state itself has the power to determine how they act. Morgenthau moves to his next level of analysis in which he explains the difference in strength and power in the international domain. Force is physical violence, the use of military might, but power is much more than that. A powerful state can control the actions of another state with the threat of force, but does not actually need to use physical force. He believed that the ability to have power over another state simply with the threat of force was probably the most important element in analyzing state power (Kleinberg 2010, 33-34). Morgenthau continues his third method of analysis which examines the usable and unusable power of a state. The most common example is the possession of nuclear weapons. Nuclear capabilities and the threat of their use constitute a usable form of energy for states like the United States and Russia, but not for states with an underdeveloped core...... middle of the 'article ...... 2001). Roth argues that the concept of international jurisdiction is not a new idea but was exercised by the US government in the 1970s after the hijacking of a plane. War crimes tribunals established after the end of World War II also exercised international jurisdiction. In fact, the Geneva Convention states that a person, regardless of nationality, must be brought before the court of any state in which that person has committed serious violations of law and conventions. Roth states that the concept of international jurisdiction is not new but that only in recent years have states been prepared to act on the basis of universal jurisdiction and prosecute criminals in the international community, regardless of their declaration or their power within the international community. Roth believes in the capacity and authority of international organizations and institutions (Roth 2001).