The word monotheism comes from the Greek “monos”, meaning one, and “theos”, meaning god. Thus, monotheism is the belief in the existence of a single god. Monotheism is generally contrasted with polytheism, which is the belief in multiple gods, and atheism, which is the absence of any belief in gods. Because monotheism is based on the idea that there is only one god, it is common for believers to also believe that this god created all of reality and is completely self-sufficient, without any dependencies of no other being. This is what we find in the largest monotheistic religious systems: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The origin of monotheism is unclear. The first recorded monotheistic system appeared in Egypt during the reign of Akhenaten, but it did not long survive his death. Some suggest that Moses, if he existed, brought monotheism to the ancient Hebrews. Therefore, debates about the roots of monotheism still exist due to lack of evidence. Exactly how long Moses lived in Egypt, if he lived, is not certain. Sigmund Freud conducted research on the case of Moses and the roots of monotheism and wrote the book “Moses and Monotheism”. His arguments on this subject are very questionable. Due to the psychoanalytic stance of his studies and not having clear arguments based on history, his theories must be certifiable. Before trying to discuss his arguments, I would like to talk about Egyptian monotheism, the religion of Akhenaten. When the Egyptian state was powerful and transformed into an "empire", a high class was formed consisting of people from all over the world. emperor. The centralization of events and their complexity over time within the state prompted ...... middle of article ...... evidence will be found and analyzed, we will not be sure of this subject. REFERENCES Assmann, J. (1997). Moses the Egyptian. London: Harvard University Press. Athanassiadi, P. and Frede, M. (Eds.). (1999). Pagan monotheism in late Antiquity. New York: Clarendon Press. Freud, S. (1937). Moses and monotheism, an overview of psychoanalysis and other works. London: The Hogarth Press. Gager, G.G. (1989). Moses in Greco-Roman paganism. Atlanta: The Society for Biblical Literature. House, S (2006). Gregory of Nyssa the life of Moses .New York: Harper Collins Publishers.Köse, A. (nd).Musa ve tektanrıcılık: bir tarih psikanalizinin açmazları. Accessed May 1, 2014, from http://ktp.isam.org.tr/pdfdrg/D01525/1998_4/1998_4_KOSEA.pdfRunia, DT (2001). On the creation of the cosmos according to Moses. Atlanta: The Society for Biblical Literature.