The continuing threat of Philistine invasion to some extent created the conditions for a monarchy within Israel. A line of charismatic judges protected Israel before the adoption of kingship. It is therefore evident that the transition from a patriarchal and loosely structured tribal regime to a centralized government with a monarch required a great deal of self-understanding, a firm stance against anti-monarchical views and tolerance towards the royal ideology, which must have partly been appropriated from neighboring monarchies. Saul filled this gap well because he was chosen by Yahweh primarily as the defender of his nation against the continual threat of invasion. Nevertheless, the introduction of monarchy was not without criticism, despite the subtle transition due to Saul's previous charismatic status. An incredible tension formed as I Samuel 7-15 points out, arising between early pro-monarchical sources and a later anti-monarchical source. Anti-monarchical sentiments (I Sam 8:7) revealed a considered criticism of the monarchy, which is probably of exilic origin. I Sam 8:11-18 revealed the root of criticism and the nature of kingship in the ancient world. The pious were not the dissidents but rather the wealthy farmers who did not wish to pay taxes to the centralized government. In Marx's ideology, it was the basic economic loss that provoked the religious or superstructure critiques of the monarchy. Clearly, if the monarchy was criticized from its conception, there was an ideological justification for this. Whitelam notes: “The dissemination of a royal ideology containing important images, attitudes and ideals associated with kingship was carried out by a centralized bureaucracy and specialists. » Textual form, expressing legitimacy and rightness...... middle of paper ......value="7"> Information taken from the lecture notes on King and Kingship on Shiloh and Gilgal.Alt, A. "The Monarchy in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah", Essays on the History and Religion of the Old Testament, Blackwell 1966. p.243."Monarchy in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah", p. 248. "Monarchy in the Kingdom of Israel and Judah", p. 249-50.BibliographyAlt, A. "The Monarchy in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah", Essays on Old Testament History and Religion, Blackwell 1966.Day, "The Canaanite Heritage of the Israelite Monarchy ", King and Messiah in the Ancient Near East (ed. J. Day), Sheffield 1998. Noth, "God, King and Nation in the Old Testament", The Laws of the Pentateuch and Other Essays, Oliver & Boyd 1966 . Whitelam, “King and Royalty,” The Anchor Bible Dictionary. (Volume IV), edited by DN Freedman, Double Day, 1992.