The cell cycle is the process that a cell goes through leading to the duplication of its DNA and its division to produce two daughter cells. It is a series of events that includes interphase and mitosis. Interphase is made up of three subsets and is where the cell duplicates its DNA and grows in preparation for mitosis. Mitosis is the process by which cell division occurs. To promote the cell cycle, complexes of phosphorylated cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase are used. They regulate the cell cycle and phosphorylate other proteins that further promote the cycle. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essay The first interphase is the first gap phase (G1 phase). During this phase, the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis. Mitochondrial respiration provides the energy needed for growth. After the G1 phase, the cell passes through the first checkpoint, the restriction point. At this checkpoint, if there is DNA damage or other external factors, the process does not proceed to the next phase. Negative regulatory molecules (retinoblastoma protein, p53 and p21) are responsible for preventing the cell from moving to the next phase until the damaged DNA is repaired. The second interphase is the synthesis phase (G2 phase). This is where DNA duplication occurs and all chromosomes are replicated. DNA polymerases are used to synthesize DNA molecules essential for duplication. After synthesis, the cell goes through checkpoint S. This checkpoint ensures that all the chromosomes and DNA that have been replicated are not damaged, so that the cell can go further to the third interphase . The final interphase is the gap phase between two phases (phase G2). During this phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis. Biosynthesis occurs and involves the production of microtubules necessary for the mitosis phase. After passing through the final interphase, the cell passes through checkpoint G2. This point checks that the replicated DNA is not damaged and that all chromosomes have been replicated. The cell is then able to go through the stage of mitosis. The mitosis stage is composed of three substages, the prophase stage, the metaphase stage, the anaphase stage and the telophase stage. During prophase, mediated by the condensin complex, the chromatin condenses into the chromosome structure. This process is called chromatin condensation. The condensed and coiled chromosomes then move to metaphase, where they line up in the middle of the cell and then separate into two daughter cells. The cell then passes through the M checkpoint, at which point it is determined whether the sister chromatids are properly attached to the spindle microtubules. If they are properly attached, the cell can then enter anaphase. In anaphase, all the chromatids separate and align with the spindle fibers. Then in telophase, the cell membrane is formed, nucleoli appear and all other organelles. The two daughter cells are fully formed. The cycle repeats itself continually.Keep in mind: This is just a sample.Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.Get a Custom EssayThere is an additional stage to the cell cycle called the G0 stage. This is called the resting phase and some cells rest in this phase which can be quiescence if they receive a division or senescence signal. THE..