Attachment is an emotional bond that exists from one person to another. Attachment theory is a psychological, evolutionary and ethological theory that focuses on relationships between humans, particularly between mother and child. A young infant must develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers in order to develop socially and emotionally. Social competence is the condition that possesses the social, emotional, and intellectual skills and behaviors that the infant needs to succeed as a member of society. Many studies have focused on Western society, but there are many arguments about whether or not this may be applicable to other cultures, such as poorer countries. John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist, he described attachment as an “enduring psychological connection”. between human beings" (Bowlby, 1969, p. 194), he believed that the first bonds that formed between the child and the caregiver had an enormous impact that continued throughout the child's life. infant. Attachment is said to help keep the child close to its mother, improving its chances of survival. Bowlby described that there were four phases in the development of attachment, which was extended by the addition of a fifth phase. Phase 1 is said to be where the infant directs and signals without discriminating against people. Phase 2 is where the child directs and signals to at least one or more discriminated people. This is then the first sign of attachment. The child will be more likely to smile and interact more with his mother or other caregiver. This normally manifests itself between the ages of 5 and 7 months. Phase 3, the infant will crawl to the person or return at different periods for contact...... middle of paper ...... will have prolonged body contact and attachment, this is considered signs of proximity and dependence (Rothbaum et al 2000). Japanese infants find separation from their caregivers stressful, but this may be due to shock rather than insecure attachment. The Japanese also view avoidant behavior as rude in their culture, meaning that classifying strange situations will not be an appropriate measure of attachment. This is compared to Germany where they believe that independence should be encouraged from early childhood (Grossman et al, 1985). Another criticism is also that the Strange Situations classification was made in America and was also tested on American children, which then means it could be culturally biased or ethnocentric. Indeed, these will be the norms and values ​​of American culture, so it will not be the same for other cultures..