Physical activity is the key to success in the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP), and exercise itself has the most effective effects. more permanent and long-lasting (Abenhaim et al. 2000). Although the variety of conservative, complementary, and surgical treatments available, such as medications, thermotherapies, ergonomic and self-care advice, and patient education, have been shown to be beneficial for low back pain, the primary goal at the current time is to provide effective interventions as well as reduce healthcare costs. Exercise has become a very effective physiotherapeutic treatment for CLBP that reduces pain and disability, improves general health and decreases socio-economic impact (Middelkoop et al. 2010; Bronfort et al. 2011; Chan 2011). However, there is little evidence supporting the specific exercise program for the treatment of CLBP due to the different physiological and psychological aspects of exercise that have not been analyzed in detail. This essay aims to evaluate relevant research findings (as best used by the author of the critical appraisal) with the aim of identifying the most effective exercise programs for the treatment of CLBP in relation to case study in Table 1. Tim is a 50-year-old farmer suffering from low back pain radiating to the posterior (R) thigh, sometimes accompanied by P&N. He has been here for about 6 months. This pain is intermittent and worsened by walking and standing. He is currently having difficulty at work (W 6/10) the pain is relieved by flexing the spine or lying down. He has no red flags, but some concerns about his future.Table 1Nonspecific low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders associated with psychological and physical dysfunctions causing... ... middle of article .... .. Dr. Ostelo R., Koes B., van Tulder M. (2010) Exercise therapy for chronic non-specific low back pain. Best practices and research in clinical rheumatology vol. 24 pp: 193-204. Hemmings HC and Hopkins PM, (2006) Foundations of Anesthesia 2sd ed. Elsevier. Hudspith MJ, Siddall PJ and Munglani R. Physiology of Pain. Ota M., Kaneoka K., Hangal M., Koizumi K., Muramatsu T. (2011) Effectiveness of lumbar stabilization exercises in reducing chronic low back pain and improving quality - of-Life. Journal of Physical Therapy Sciences Vol. 23 pages: 679-681. van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A., Esmail R., Koes BW, (2000) Exercise therapy for low back pain (Review). The Cochrane Collaboration.Slade SC, Ther MM, Keating JL (2006) Core strengthening exercise for chronic low back pain: a systematic review. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics vol. 29 pages:163-173.