1. MICROGRIDS: INTRODUCTION The definition of a microgrid by the U.S. Department of Energy's Microgrid Exchange Group (MEG) is: "A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and energy resources distributed across clearly defined electrical boundaries that act as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to allow it to operate in both grid-connected or island mode. [DOE12]Microgrids can be considered as the building blocks of the Smartgrid, or even as an alternative path to what is today beginning to be known as the Supergrid. Furthermore, they can be divided into two broad categories: despachable (controllable production to meet fluctuations in demand) and non-dispatchable (uncontrollable and unpredictable production. [KELLY] The emergence of Microgrids came after realizing that the architecture of the electricity network existing today (Figure 1) was becoming obsolete, because based on the idea of ​​a top-down system, based on unidirectional energy flows [ASMUS09] The different constituent elements will vary, but it will always have a main controller in charge to match the load with generation in island or grid-connected mode, to provide real-time response and protection against outages, connection and disconnection from the grid, and carrying out predictive and forecast analyzes In addition, this. requires fast and secure communication to monitor the connection status in real time and act as an energy manager [SANCHEZ] It also requires a protection system in which the sources are interfaced using a. power electronics, unique protection solutions are therefore essential to ensure functionality. [CERTS03]As already explained, its operation differs from the traditional BT network. A...... middle of paper ......industrial communitiesOrlando, USACERTS03 Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology SolutionsIntegration of Distributed Energy Resources. The microgrid concept CERTSCalifornia, United States, 2003KELLY Kelly, Nick PhD. Energy Systems Research Unit. Strathclyde UniversityMicrogeneration and domestic energy demandGlasgowSMITH11 Smith, Merrill. Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy ReliabilityU.S. Ministry of Energy Research and Development Activities on Microgrid TechnologiesJeju, South Korea, 2011HATZIARGYROU04 Hatziargyrou, Nikos. National Technical University of AthensMicrogrid Overview, Problems and SolutionsBilbao, Spain, 2004STANTON12 Stanton, Tom. National Regulatory Research InstituteAre smart microgrids in your future? Exploring the challenges and opportunities for state utility regulatorsMaryland, United States, 2012