Their study used data from a study titled “Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three-City Study,” their study found that “thirty -five percent of 2 to 4-year-olds had mothers who reported being victims of DV; 16% reported an increase in DV victimization over 2 years” (Schnurr, MP and Lohman, BJ, 2013, p. 1016).Contrary to previous literature, exposure to domestic violence in early childhood did not influence middle childhood outcomes significantly, but their internalizing and externalizing problems and school engagement did. increased significantly when maternal domestic violence victimization increased (Schnurr, MP, & Lohman, BJ..,