Japan, home to some of the world's largest multinational technology companies, has been influenced in multiple ways by globalization. The effects of globalization on Japan provide valuable insights into the transformation of Japanese society. Global processes have increased wages and homelessness, strengthened environmental management programs, shifted governance toward regionalism, and threatened linguistic diversity in Japan. Many studies of the Japanese economy present both the positive and negative effects of globalization. Nakamura (2013) used the 1998, 2000, and 2002 Japanese wage censuses to explore the effects of inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on the wages of Japanese workers in manufacturing industries (p. 401). Nakamura (2013) concluded that foreign ownership, especially at fifty percent or more, increases workers' wages (p. 402). Even if these wage increases are positive, they imply a growing gap between the incomes of workers in globalizing companies and those of non-globalizing companies and between the wages of large companies and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), since the Most large companies participate in FDI while SMEs do not (Nakamura, 2013, p. 396). Such findings are not surprising; In an increasingly connected world, successful companies must be able to coordinate across national borders. Wage increases and income disparities are some of the notable effects of globalization on the Japanese economy. The process of continued economic transformation and development in Japan has not been all positive. Hasegawa (2005) attributes the increase in homelessness in Japan to three structural changes: "(a) the shift from a manufacturing to a service economy, (b) urban redevelopment, and (c) the transition to a service economy. ......at http://www.jstor.org/stable/27785046Nakamura, M. (2013). Globalization and the sustainability of Japan's internal labor markets: foreign direct investment (FDI) and wages in Japanese manufacturing firms. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 48(4), 396-412. doi: 10.1177/0021909613493601 Seargeant, P. (2005). Globalization and reconfigured English in Japan. World English, 24(3), 309-319. doi: 10.1111/j.0083-2919.2005.00412.xTsukamoto, T. (2011). Decentralization, new regionalism and economic revitalization in Japan: emerging urban political economy and the politics of scale in Osaka-Kansai. Cities, 28(4), 281-289. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2011.02.004 Tsukamoto, T. (2012). Neoliberalization of the developmental state: Tokyo's bottom-up politics and the rescaling of the state in Japan. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 36(1), 71-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01057.x