I chose to write about metacognition for this essay because it is one of the most important in the era of learning and teaching. This discussion focuses on the metacognitive strategy which plays a key role in second or foreign language learning. The meaning of metacognition is cognition about cognition or thinking about thinking and also knowing about knowing, this mainly helps you to be aware of your awareness and higher order thinking skills. The root of this term is meta, and it means “beyond” metacognition. It can take several forms; the different forms include knowledge about when and how to use specific strategies to learn or to solve problems. Metacognition generally has two parts: having in-depth knowledge of cognition and the rules of cognition. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essayLearning styles and strategies are elements that help us determine how well students learn a second or foreign language. Language acquisition is also positively affected by learning strategy. In terms of forms and functions, it can improve learners' learning of language comprehension and production. Graham, in his study, mentioned that 40-50% of adults' communication time is spent listening. Listening is an important part of the second language acquisition process. Additionally, Chamot determined that instead of viewing listening as a single process, it is better to view it as linked processes of recognizing sound, perceiving intonation patterns, and interpreting the relevance of that sound. which is mentioned on the subject. He mentioned that when listening to a second or foreign language, learners use strategies consciously and in their native language, they use them unconsciously. The history of metacognition dates back to two studies by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC): On the soul. and Parva Naturalia. This higher-level cognition was presented primarily by the American developmental psychologist Flavell as metacognition. He first argued that metacognition includes both monitoring and regulation and is intentional. In any type of psychological exchange with the human or non-human environment, a set of data preparation activities may continue. In addition to other things, metacognition refers to the active observation and resulting regulation and coordination of these procedures in relation to the cognitive objects or information they are about, usually within the framework of the administration of a concrete objective or goal. Flavell also defined metacognition as knowledge of cognition and control of cognition. For example, a person engages in metacognition if they notice that they have more difficulty learning A than B, or if they think that they should double-check C before accepting it as fact, Flavell. Andreas Demetriou's theory (one of the neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development) used the term hypercognition to refer to the processes of self-monitoring, self-representation and self-regulation, which are considered integral components of the human spirit. Furthermore, with his colleagues, he showed that these processes participate in general intelligence, in the same way as the effectiveness of processing and reasoning, traditionally considered as a component..