blog




  • Essay / Comparison: The Theories of Jean-Paul Sarte and Martin Buber

    I will argue that Buber's position is more insightful because his theory of human relations lays the foundation for an ethical system. I will first examine Sartre's notion of intersubjectivity. Second, I will examine Buber's view, comparing and contrasting it with Sartre's on two points. I will first compare how the Other modifies the subject's worldview. My second comparison will focus on the idea that intersubjective relations in Sartre and Buber imply that the subject looks at the universe through the Other. Finally, moving away from the compare and contrast section, I will show how Buber's model is more likely to give rise to an ethical relationship than Sartre's model. In order to explain Sartre's notion of intersubjectivity, I will follow the progression that Sartre follows in Being and Nothingness. I will first distinguish between “being-for-oneself” and “being-for-others”. Second, I will provide an explanation of the subject's encounter with the Other as an object. Third, I will explain the meaning of “look”. Here I will show how looks constitute the foundation of the self. I will also show how the gaze of the Other affects the freedom of the subject. One of the goals of Being and Nothingness is to describe consciousness, or human subjectivity. Sartre distinguishes between two different modes of consciousness in order to accurately describe human subjectivity. These two modes are being for oneself and being for others. Being-for-itself refers to a transcendent conscious being (Oaklander, 238). Transcendence is the antithesis of facticity. I will first describe facticity, in order to make the concept of transcendence more manageable. Facticity refers to the concrete details of the subject's being, including past decisions, location...... middle of paper ...... and suddenly seems spacious and empty without the presence of one's lover . The lover therefore sees his world in relation to the beloved. It is as if the loved one permeates one's perception like a sweet smell permeates a room. Buber describes this permeation vividly, writing that “man abides in his love” (Buber, 59) and that the “You extend over me” (Buber, 55). This does not mean that the I only perceives the You or that the lover only perceives his beloved. This means that the lover sees the world in relation to his lover as well as through his lover. Buber confirms, it is “not as if there was nothing other than him; but everything else lives in its light” (Buber, 55). In other words, the world is colored by the loved one. APPLY TO GENERAL? While Buber asserts that we conceive the world through the Other, Sartre maintains that we come to see ourselves through the Other..