The United States has always faced issues regarding equality and equal opportunity for all. One solution to this problem is known as affirmative action, or preferential selection used to include groups in areas from which they have historically been excluded. It takes into account factors such as race, gender and ethnicity to increase minority representations. Its origins date back to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited employers from hiring or firing individuals based on certain qualifications. This was a punishment for those who disobeyed this law. Later, President Lyndon Johnson's Executive Order 11246 forced federal contractors to use "affirmative action" so as not to discriminate in hiring. It took the national stage in the fall of 1972, when the Secretary of Labor's Revised Order No. 4 fully implemented the executive order and enforced it nationwide. In 2006, 58 percent of Michigan voters approved Proposition 2, banning preferences and discrimination based on preferences and discrimination. on race, gender, ethnicity, or national origin in employment and public education. (Bonsur and Brokamp, ​​law.cornell.edu). This decision contradicts the Supreme Court's ruling in Grutter v. Bollinger, who decided that certain types of positive action were necessary for the future of the country. The NAACP Legal Defense Force and a coalition of civil rights groups sued, saying it violated the 14th Amendment. The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan ruled that Proposition 2 did not violate the 14th Amendment. The decision was appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit initially ruled that it was unconstitutional, which was ultimately agreed by the full Sixth Court. Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette calls for...... middle of paper...... the Constitution does not provide that groups receive more attention than others or provide different degrees of protection equal and that thinking this way would give the Supreme Court more power than the Constitution gives it. (Affirmative Action, plato.stanford.edu). The reasons given by the medical school were rejected by Powell because the school was discriminatory and had not provided enough evidence to support its special programs. Here, affirmative action conflicts with fairness since Bakke exceeded the prerequisites for attending school but was denied entry because she unfairly favored other groups who might have been less deserving of d 'be admitted that Allan Bakke. As it was not given equal consideration, it is an example of the injustices that affirmative action can impose on those who are not part of minority groups but nonetheless deserve to achieve their goals..