The intestinal microbiota plays an indispensable role in maintaining host homeostasis. The microbiota acts as a barrier against pathogens and their invasion with a very dynamic modality, thus carrying out metabolic functions in several stages and stimulating the development of the host's immune system through a well-organized programming, which influences the whole growth and aging processes (1). Alterations in the intestinal microbiota, linked to the nature and relative density of various constituent bacterial species, appear to play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of several gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases. The gut microbiota could offer a new area of ​​therapeutic intervention in a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases.