The civil rights movement represents a “mass movement” where black people are united to combat ideologies of white supremacy, racism, and discrimination. During this movement to challenge the social and political framework of society, black people faced many obstacles. The books Walking with the Wind by John Lewis and Civilities and Civil Rights by William H. Chafe demonstrate the obstacles faced by sit-in participants and those faced by the Freedom Riders. Sit-ins and Freedom Rides are examples of nonviolent resistance used to show "the kind of anger and ugliness that the peaceful civil rights movement promoted in the South (Lewis, 99)." Participants in Freedom Rides and sit-ins faced social, political, and economic obstacles as they encountered white resistance in the form of physical violence, mental cruelty, and strategic manipulation. The sit-ins were examples of nonviolent resistance, created by young people. , to raise awareness of the issue of segregation. Unlike the legalistic approach taken by the NAACP, the goal of the sit-ins was to implement rapid change. As a direct action, during a sit-in, students sat in front of an all-white counter and refused to move unless they were forcibly removed by the police or returned home by their boss. band. Socially, the sit-ins faced obstacles generated by the white community's resistance to desegregation. At the beginning of the movement, whites were annoyed by the sit-ins but no violence was inflicted on the participants. However, as the sit-ins progressed, white people began taking physical actions against participants. Participants were constantly faced with the obstacle of keeping their cool and sticking to ideologies of nonviolence...... middle of paper ...... control, and the obstacle of not Not fighting back when brutally beaten by their oppressor were among the obstacles the Freedom Riders faced. As Ghandi said, “Ultimately, everyone must decide for themselves what they will and will not do, and no one else should try to force or shame them into action ( Lewis, 164). The goal of the nonviolent movement was to show people that black people were civilized and deserved the same rights as white people, a movement based on morality, conformity, and control. The sit-ins and Freedom Rides were two examples of nonviolent movements that attempted to change people's ideologies regarding the treatment of black people. This "new stage of black insurrection" would result in a more direct approach to desegregation, generating immense resistance from the white community and generating numerous obstacles for participants along the way...