By the 19th century, Western nations, especially Britain, had already established colonies all over the world, greatly affecting the native people and their cultures. American anthropologist Ruth Benedict saw racial discrimination due to Westernization in the book Patterns of Culture. This work was written decades after the Victorian era and shows how much has changed. After colonization, the natives were killed, displaced, and “they saw their religion, their economic system, their marriage bans fall before those of the white man” (Benedict 20). This gave Europeans a feeling of superiority over their race, as it can shape their beliefs into thinking that because they changed and got rid of much of the native culture, they were the strongest.