OperationThe oil refinery converts crude oil into valuable products and supplies. These products are manufactured and sent to many foreign countries, where they are transported overland or along rivers and canals. The crude oil is then organized and classified into segments by fractional distillation. Raw crude oil, or unprocessed crude oil, is not normally beneficial in most industrial applications. Low-sulfur crude oil has proven valuable as a fuel for making steam for seagoing ship strength. The lighter elements have the ability to create explosive and dangerous vapors in gasoline tanks. They are extremely dangerous and are often used on warships. The remaining hydrocarbon molecules are filtered from crude oil and used as lubricants, raw materials, plastics and fuels. Fossil fuels are used and burned for ship, car, airplane and helicopter engines, household appliances, saws and other machines. Since less dense liquid products are in high demand by combustion engines, a refinery will use its capacity to convert dense hydrocarbons and less dense gaseous components into many higher value products. Oil refineries produce millions and millions of crude oil. Interestingly, an oil refinery located in Israel is capable of producing up to nine million tons of crude oil in a single year! The cooling towers of this facility extend high into the air, forming magnificent landmarks! Once the fuel is filtered and purified of all pollutants and contamination, the fuel or substance is then sold in its filtered state. The fuel is then no longer treated. Smaller molecules, for example butylene and propylene, have the ability to "team up" to qualify for the octane requirements designated for the medium of paper......, they are more likely to develop asthma or other respiratory illnesses.ConclusionAs we have discussed, oil, natural gas and its industries are a major factor in our economy. The history, operations, environmental impacts and present and future challenges of oil and natural gas demonstrate the importance of these non-renewable natural resources. Oil exploration will continue to expand through the study of geoscience, engineering, and most importantly, technology. The midstream sector, which includes major oil and gas operations, is improving its efficient oil and gas transportation, refining and storage processes every year. Despite the many challenges facing the oil and gas industry, geologists continue to strive to make their operations safer for the environment, but are these efforts enough to save our planet for our future generations ??