Clinical ImplicationsIn applying CPP when working with children who have experienced trauma or abuse, therapists must be aware of a a number of clinical implications. Ippen et al (2011) suggest the need to target young children, the need to include parents and work to provide evidence-based services to meet client needs. The research cited above regarding the negative effects of childhood trauma supports the idea of ​​targeting young children. In counseling, as it relates to the inclusion of parents and working with children, O'Neill, Guenette, and Kitchenham (2010) describe that the first and most important aspect of counseling is the therapeutic relationship, as well as creating of a safe environment. Within CPP, establishing a safe therapeutic environment and home environment is crucial to providing an environment conducive to repairing the child-parent relationship (Lieberman, 2007). The CPP emphasizes the importance of restoring a sense of trust and security within the intimate parent-child relationship, recreating comfortable bodily sensations, confidence in the parent, and the ability to protect against harm and emotional dysregulation . In addition, it is important to enhance the pleasure felt by both parent and child by participating in age-appropriate activities. With the ultimate goal of flexibly improving the child's and parents' thinking and feeling, hoping to maximize opportunities to promote mutual understanding. When considering client needs, Lieberman (2007) identified that effective interventions must incorporate a focus on maternal mental health in addition to focusing on the mother-child relationship as a means to positively impact on middle of paper......sychotherapy. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30, 563-566. O'Neill, L., Guenette, F. and Kitchenham. (2010). “Am I safe here and do you love me”: Understanding complex trauma and attachment breakdown in the classroom. British Journal of Special Education, 37, (4), 190-197.Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010). Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect – 2008: Key Findings. Ottawa, Ontario: Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cm-vee/csca-ecve/2008/fs-am/index-eng.php Toth, S. and Gravener, J. (2012). Review: Bridging Research and Practice: Relational Interventions for Maltreated Children. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17, (3), 131-138. Van der Kolk, B. (2005). Traumatized developmental disorders: towards a rational diagnosis for chronically traumatized children. Psychiatric annals, 35, (5), 401-408.