The border region experienced "a rapid transformation in a short time from a cattle ranching and mining area that attracted American capitalists , Mexican and European… at the center of a lucrative vice. and the leisure tourism industry, in a region that…has attracted an extraordinary amount of international capital to its manufacturing and services sector.” (Ganster/Lorey 2) Events and years such as the implementation of the railroad, the years preceding the Mexican Revolution, the land reform of 1936 and 1937, the implementation of the maquiladora program, and the Accord of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994 had a significant impact on the Mexican borders of the United States. The implementation of the railroad throughout Mexico and its border region had a great impact on Mexico's economic and population growth in the late 19th century. Ganster and Lorey explain in their book "The United States-Mexico Border in the 21st Century" that Mexican President Porfirio Diaz was determined to ensure "order and progress" in Mexico in hopes of encourage “economic development”. . (Ganster/Lorey 35) Soon after the development of the first railroad in the West, rival lines began "establishing major routes in the Southwest that connected most of the region's major population centers border between them and with the Eastern markets. (Ganster/Lorey 36) In 1881, the first transcontinental railroad directly crossing the border region was completed, "it connected the region to the west and east coasts of the United States." (Ganster/Lorey 36) The railroad led to population growth in Mexican cities. For example, Salinas, Coahuila grew from a population of 778 in 1877 to nearly 15,000 in 1910. After three years of debate, NAFTA was created in 1994. Fears over the NAFTA concerned job creation, job loss and transfer, wages and infrastructure. (Ganster/Lorey 188-189) However, with the implementation of NAFTA, the economy grew. Ganster and Lorey reveal that bilateral trade increased by $211.4 per year between 1989 and 2004. Trade increased by 20 percent during the first six months of 1994. NAFTA had advantages and disadvantages, nevertheless , NAFTA “rather intensified the integration of the two economies.” rather than pushing them away. (Ganster/Lorey 190) The implementation of the railroad and the settlers' defense of their rights, land reform, the implementation of the maquiladora program, and NAFTA all formed a remarkable impression on the borderlands Mexican women from the United States..