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  • Essay / Ethical Dilemmas and Debates in Modern Healthcare

    The ethical dilemma in healthcare includes a variety of medical decisions. Should you have major surgery at 95? Should an 85-year-old patient be kept on respiratory assistance? These questions are extremely difficult to answer. “The ethical dilemma is how to balance the precepts of autonomy, beneficence, and distributive justice” (Teutsch and Rechel, 2012). Preference-based care and supply-based care, when used correctly, can help in these areas. Therefore, we debate whether health care should be a right or a privilege. Reid mentions in his book The Healing of America that the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany and Canada all have a universal health care system. He also adds that they have better health outcomes than the United States, in addition to lower infant mortality rates (Reid, 2010, p. 31-34). The American mentality views health care as a privilege. However, President Obama outlined his liberal agenda and proposed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in 2010 (Teutsch and Rechel, 2012). It is predicted that by 2019, the PPACA will transform health care into a right rather than a privilege (Teutsch & Rechel, 2012). Some of ObamaCare's U.S. goals are possible through a reallocation of funds and resources. There will be areas where compromises need to be made. One such example is Medicare reform, under which hospitals will receive lower reimbursements from Medicare (Farley, 2014). Therefore, ethical issues arise with the rationing of medical resources (Teutsch & Rechel, 2012). Reid (2010) discusses health care rationing in the United Kingdom's Beveridge model. In this model, rationing medications, tests, and procedures to offset costs is part of budgeting. For this reason, people find themselves deprived of treatments and medications that the government would not cover. This raises an ethical dilemma in which prompt implementation of measures must be taken to avoid a