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  • Essay / Ecological Disasters on Louisiana's Coastal Ecosystems

    Ecological disasters have been hitting Louisiana's coastal ecosystems for many years. This is reflected in the massive loss of coastal wetlands, destroying habitat for fish populations. Saltwater estuaries provide life support for a variety of fish and shellfish species. With these marshes disappearing so quickly, it makes sense that fish populations would disappear with them. If we do not quickly change this dire situation, there may be no more of this wonderful coastal ecosystem in South Louisiana for future generations to enjoy. Recent natural disasters include Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) suggests that the hurricanes caused erosion beyond expected levels before 2050. These two hurricanes also caused an estimated loss of 562 square kilometers of coastal wetlands. This loss of land can have an extremely negative impact on fish populations. Many saltwater estuaries are fed by marshes protected by extensive levee systems. When a major hurricane hits one of these estuaries, it can breach the levee. Thus releasing all the nutrients and bait fish into mostly muddy bottom lakes. This can cause an explosion of fish populations in such ecosystems. Although this is not a good scenario, due to the extreme lack of bait in subsequent years. An example of this would be the "Calcasieu Estuary" south of Lake Charles, LA. Many fishermen can attest to record catches in 2005 (after Hurricane Rita), although in recent years they have seen a slow decline. Which even resulted in a significant reduction in fish limits in that particular area. An unnatural disaster that affected the Louisiana ecosystem was the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010. BP (British Petroleum) oil is in the middle of the paper lands. Before human use of Louisiana's wetlands, water flow was determined by the numerous bayous, most of which were former tributaries of rivers. Initially, roads were placed on top of natural levees and had minimal effect on drainage. There are many proposals to solve these problems. These proposals include implementing stricter recreational and commercial seafood harvest limits, continuing seawall reconstruction/construction to stop coastal erosion that would promote more seafood habitat, and regulation stricter requirements for offshore drilling. (Or the complete elimination of offshore drilling). But this option would cause economic disaster in Louisiana because of the massive revenues we earn from drilling. Although there is ongoing debate about how to solve our current problem, most people agree that this destruction is real and must be reversed immediately..