As the human population increases and the number of industries increases, so do the byproducts of human and industrial existence. The need to preserve the environment is very urgent today. The idea of ​​sustainable development today is that development must meet the demands of the present without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The growth of the world's population means that there will be an ever-increasing need for potable water for residential and industrial purposes. We can recycle our water without necessarily harming our environment and polluting our rivers. Greater investments are required to design and engineer better equipment for wastewater treatment plants, which will bring more than sufficient benefits not only to humans, but also to the environment and other living creatures. One of the main uses of environmental biotechnology is in the treatment of industrial waste and sewage. Microorganisms play an important role in wastewater treatment due to their ability to increase growth and metabolism. Bacteria are the main source of degradation. They need a source of energy and carbon for the creation of new cells and other nutrients as well as other trace elements. All microorganisms fall into 2 main groups: • Heterotrophs, which need organic matter to produce energy and extract carbon. • Autotrophs, which oxidize inorganic substances to produce energy and use the C02 as a carbon source. Wastewater treatment is an important application of the science of microbiology. To protect the environment, wastewater from various sources must be treated before being released back into the environment. Sewage contains a significant amount...... middle of paper ...... water quality also suffers. Without wastewater treatment, much of the aquatic life we ​​know would have disappeared. It can therefore be seen that there are many advantages of using microbial methods in wastewater treatment. The main advantage would be the availability of microorganisms that would produce the enzymes needed to break down organic matter, compared to the preparation and use of chemicals and other synthetic agents to accomplish the same task. The use of microorganisms uses a natural process which will logically cost less than other non-natural methods. Finally, the environment remains relatively spared since the final effluent will no longer be considered a pollutant. The supply of bacteria is endless and the costs associated with these organisms are literally minimal. The benefits of a healthy society and environment far outweigh the investment.