The construct in question is the measure of aggression. Aggression is a popular disposition to study because it can be closely related to observed behavior. Aggressive behavior has generally been defined as behavior intended to hurt or irritate another person (Eron, Walder, & Lefkowitz, 1971). Aggression is therefore the disposition to frequently adopt behaviors intended to hurt or irritate another person. The only difficulty this definition presents for measurement is the intentional component. It is usually possible to determine without much difficulty whether an observed behavior hurts or irritates another person, but the intention behind the behavior may be more difficult to guess, especially when it comes to children. Self-reports also do not solve the problem, because even individual behavior may not be aware of the intentions behind that behavior (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977). Over the past 50 years, there have been several ways to measure aggression in different domains. settings such as self-assessment questionnaires, peer-assessment questionnaires or peer nominations - where people who are familiar with the topic(s) in question have rated them on the aggressive acts observed since that they know them. Some clinical scales have been used such as the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). ). This scale was an objective staff rating scale for hospitalized patients who exhibited various types of aggression and encompassed both the frequency and severity of aggressive episodes. However, the disadvantage of MOAS was that it did not provide a complete picture of the cause of the aggression because it did not address the events preceding or following the act of aggression. A frequently used questionnaire that was previously used...... middle of paper ...... specific factor (the criterion being measured), on a widely accepted construct, should show that they score high on the same factor from the aggression questionnaire. This would show that the questionnaire has criterion-related validity. This study did not explicitly use criterion-related validity methods. To demonstrate concurrent validity, they could have used the MMPI aggression measure (which is a widely accepted inventory) against the aggression factors directly from the questionnaire. It would be slightly more difficult to obtain evidence of predictive validity since time is always an issue. For example, asking a 10-year-old child to complete the aggression questionnaire and then trying to track him down 10 years later to get a glimpse of how aggressive his behavior is would not be practical for determine criterion-related validity..