Until recently, countries like the United States and the United Kingdom had legal definitions of rape that only included women and girls as victims and men, boys and perpetrators. In the United States, in 2012, the FBI finally included both male and female victims in its definition of rape, with the original, gender-exclusive definition being "the carnal act of a woman forcibly and against her will." ”, only including women as victims. of sexual violence. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on 'Why violent video games should not be banned'? Get an original essay As a result of this change, more men and boys have come forward with their experiences of sexual violence to the police. According to a 2014 Ministry of Justice report, there were 2,164 reported cases of men and boys being raped or sexually assaulted in the UK. Although the UK government has promised money to provide resources to victims, there is still a lack of resources around the world for many male victims of sexual violence. Although more and more research is being done on male rape and the contexts in which it occurs, stereotypes persist in the media about male rape victims, and some countries even legally deny that men can be victims. rape and other forms of sexual violence. Lower rates of reporting rape are common among male victims due to these stigmas, not only in the United States and the United Kingdom, but also throughout the world, within the justice system and within societies and societies. of their social groups. There are still injustices to be resolved. prevent victims from facing their trauma alone. From a young age, society influences children, including boys, in gender socialization. In most societies, masculinity is seen as embodying power and dominance, while femininity embodies passivity and submission. Additionally, boys and men are often portrayed in the media as invulnerable to any physical or emotional threat and are expected to defend themselves. David Lisak, a clinical psychologist, said: “We have a cultural blind spot on this. We recognize that male children are abused,” Dr. Lisak said, “but when boys cross some sort of threshold somewhere in adolescence and become what we perceive as men, we don't want to think about it anymore. in this way.” When it comes to describing gender-based violence, based on these concepts, the definition is more likely to describe violence against women and girls, thus linking acts of sexual violence to only female victims, and not to male victims. This problem is to some extent recognized, as in 2002 the World Health Organization called neglect of male victims a "significant problem." Yet women and girls continue to have more sexual violence prevention resources and support services to turn to. While some specifically female advocates argue that gender-neutral terminology will only "cover up" the issue of violence against women, maintaining this terminology could have negative implications for other cross-cultural groups including men. can be part. Violence against homosexuals and other members of the LGBT community occurs all over the world, particularly in places where homosexuality is considered a criminal act. Gay men are raped at higher ratesthan heterosexual men, and as homosexuality already puts these men at higher risk of abuse and victim blaming, brought on by the stereotype that gay men have a high libido and a "desire" to be raped ; in these societies, these victims are less likely to receive medical treatment or counseling for their rapes. Transgender and intersex people in countries like South Korea experience similar unrest and struggles resulting from laws that criminalize them based on their identities. The ignorance and even denial of male rape victims will remain alive if laws and terminology are not more gender neutral and anti-sexist. -LGBT. After rape or sexual assault, both male and female victims suffer trauma in different ways, physically and psychologically. Some common effects include post-traumatic stress disorder, sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and AIDS, injuries to the genital or anal area, nausea, ulcers, eating disorders, depression, sleep disorders, drug and alcohol abuse, anxiety, anger, self-esteem. -esteem, questioning of sexual identity, suicidal tendencies, stigma and guilt for what happened. Male victims are very likely to question their sexual identity and blame themselves for what happened to them. One reason this can happen is because during sexual activity a man often gets an erection or ejaculates, but an erection or ejaculation does not mean he is enjoying it or consenting to it; erections and ejaculation are involuntary processes, but they have been used to discredit male victims during testimony. Additionally, erections can also occur during times of fear, anxiety, panic, or pain. In addition to sexuality, men may question their gender or gender roles. A 2005 study found that nearly seventy percent of male victims of sexual assault had difficulty determining their sense of masculinity and prolonged periods of questioning their sexuality. These sexual dysfunctions and the question of gender identity can last a long time, and some heterosexual male victims even began having consensual sex with the same sex after their rape experience, because they were unsure of their sexual identity. Because these effects are neglected, it can lead to physical and mental consequences that can put the victim in further danger. As with rape and sexual assault of female victims, male victims can be raped or assaulted in different contexts, including during armed conflict or in prison. , sometimes a combination of the two, but the responses given to victims, based on sex and gender, are very contrasting. Places of detention are popular rape locations, not only in war-torn countries like Libya and Syria, but also in countries like El Salvador, Chile, and even the United States. Outside of the prison system, captured soldiers are also at greatest risk of being raped or sexually abused by their captors, whereas in a domestic prison setting, perpetrators are more like other inmates. Even though countries that have been at war have put in place resources to help rape victims, resources have primarily gone to women and girls for recovery and reproductive health, while in justice systems like those in Chile , Kenya and Peru, acts of rape against men can instead be classified as acts of.