IntroductionAristotle was probably the first and greatest scholar and lexicographer, excelling in many scientific fields. He left writings on varied subjects, from the shape of shells to sterility, including the nature of the soul and weather phenomena, poetry, art, and the interpretation of dreams. He left his mark in all areas of knowledge that concern him (except that the rule remained in mathematics and the teaching of Platonism). Additionally, Aristotle is considered the founder of logic. Aristotle was the first to identify a distinct category in human cognition that would provide our understanding of the world. However, over the last century, due to the development of knowledge, fixed categorical structures have become an obstacle to its growth. Such a system of thought allows knowledge to advance only on specific, predefined paths, many of which lead to impotence. A different approach is needed. The result was his world of modern science. The fact that it took us more than twenty centuries to exhaust the Aristotelian system of thought is further proof of scientific depth and consistency. Even the Aristotelian system in its twilight became the driving force for the emergence of new worrying philosophical questions of thought. What other external face in the development of human cognition? Where are the limits of our current way of thinking? What can we see on the other side of these borders?Life and works of AristotleOn a promontory overlooking the village called Stagira in northern Greece, worthy of a rather indescribable modern monument to Aristotle. The philosopher's impartial gaze aims at the forest-covered hills, towards the distant blue of the Aegean Sea. The sculpture is made from ...... middle of paper ...... to collect copies of the constitutions of all the Greek city-states and choose the best possible position among them. If politics demanded a new constitution, its citizens would be treated exactly like the Lyceum. No one tried to create a state (as Plato describes it). Unfortunately, one person showed that Aristotle was also a global politician. It was none other than the worst of his student, Alexandre. The world order changed forever: Alexander's new empire ended the city-states, just as the modern continental confederation destroyed the system of independent nation-states. It seems that neither Aristotle nor any other member of the constellation of Athenian intellectual schools noticed this great historical change - the omission is not forgotten and the intellectuals of the 20th century, from Marx to Nietzsche, who in turn , did not see the superiority of the United States.