Table of contentsThe origins of the movementReconstruction and oppressionJim Crow lawWars and the great migrationConclusionThe origins of the movementRacial discrimination against blacks has circulated in American society today. This type of marginalization has taken many forms throughout American history. As the civil rights movement addresses the decades-long struggle of African Americans to end this marginalization and racial discrimination, say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay The black civil rights movement in the United States refers to the decades surrounding the 1960s. The movement has its origins in the era of Reconstruction in the late 19th century, in the enactment by American state and local governments of racially discriminatory laws (e.g., the Black Codes or Jim Crow laws), and even in their struggle to end struggle and oppression. laws and other organizations, great migration, at the start of the protest. Reconstruction and Oppression The ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865 meant the end of slavery. Reconstruction was intended to bring the South back into the union after the Civil War. Reconstruction was a success under the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. President Lincoln proposed "the Ten Percent Plan", which specified that the Southern states could be returned to the union once ten percent of its voters in the 1860 presidential election took the oath of office. allegiance to the union. The plan also meant that southern states had to abolish slavery. But after his assassination, Reconstruction deteriorated with Andrew Johnson as the new President of the United States. Under Andrews' presidency, things changed. Although freedmen or ex-slaves were guaranteed more rights than before, their freedom was limited. Many southerners resisted social changes. Their rejection therefore represented a new form of state regulation known as the black codes, which bore some similarities to the slave codes, in that they tied these freedmen to their employers. The Black Codes were designed to limit the freedom of AA. During the Reconstruction period, with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, AAs gained citizenship, equal protection under the law, and the right to vote. Both amendments were a constitutional victory for black people who had faced oppression caused by these codes. However, during and after the reconstruction period, violence and fear also began. Whites of all classes turned to violence and paramilitary organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). The KKK was made up of many southern white supremacist groups. Throughout Reconstruction, the KKK targeted different minorities, but most fundamentally the black community, in order to maintain white dominance and keep power out of the hands of Republicans who sought to change the South. Klan members used every violent means by beating, torturing and killing blacks, Republican organizers were threatened with violence and became the armed wing of the Democratic Party. Often, for no other reason than the color of their skin, mobs of KKK members engaged in abuse, attacks, and other forms of physical violations. It's a lynching. Despite the assurances of the 13th Amendment, AA was virtually disenfranchised for challenging thesegregation, to organize workers or even to attend schools. In the 1870s, Congress took action against the Klan and other white supremacist organizations that circumvented force laws. The Klan disbanded and weakened. The United States Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875. This act sought to close the gaps that existed between the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments and the Civil Rights Act of 1866. The act prohibited racial discrimination.in ( inns, public means of transport on land or water, theaters and other places of entertainment). However, the law was rarely enforced. In 1877, former slave and abolitionist John Mercer Langston became U.S. minister to Haiti, and Frederick Douglass served as marshal of the District of Columbia. After 1877, the Democratic Party took power in all the southern states. Once again, BAs witnessed multiple waves of abuse from whites who were intent on keeping the black minority in an inferior position. To do this, the general public and the Southern government engaged in another form of racial discrimination that enforced the separation of blacks and whites. The sharecropping system that kept blacks economically dependent on whites. This time it was the end of the Reconstruction era and the beginning of racial segregation. Jim Crow lawsAfter the Reconstruction era, Democrats took control of the southern states. The situation of black Africans and other American minorities has continued to worsen. The South instituted a rigid caste system called “Jim Crow.” A new form of racial discrimination known as “segregation” began to triumph in American society. Jim Crow was a form of legal separation that enforced racial segregation between the end of the Reconstruction period in 1877 and the start of the civil rights movement in the 1950s. The laws required separate public schools, railroad cars and public libraries, separate water fountains, restaurants and hotels. The American army was also isolated. Black people were treated like second-class citizens. They were disenfranchised in the early 1900s, meaning that just to keep them from voting, whites created a series of devices such as literacy tests and poll taxes. In 1896, the United States Supreme Court decision in a case called Plessey V. Ferguson ruled that separate but equal accommodations (i.e. providing separate but equal facilities in public transportation, housing , education, etc.) have been legalized. In 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was established by black professional WEB Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, and another diverse group of activists, including white American Henry Moscowitz. The NAACP was established to support the rights of BAs and eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination. It also helped launch the modern civil rights struggle of the 20th century. During the Jim Crow era of segregation, branches of the NAACP spread to every state. There were over 400 separate chapters. He stood at the forefront of the fight to gain legal status for black rights and to achieve racial justice in the United States. One of his first legal victories with the United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown V. Board of Topeka of Education to limit segregation in schools in May 1954, which led to the birth of what we call the (CRM) the same year. Wars and great migrations During the First World War, black industrial labor was needed in.