Diabetes ComplicationsDiabetes is associated with an increased risk of developing primarily vascular complications that contribute to morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Poor glycemic control leads to vascular complications that affect large vessels (macrovascular), small vessels (microvascular), or both. Macrovascular complications include coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. Microvascular complications contribute to diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage), nephropathy (kidney disease), and retinopathy (eye disease). Macrovascular complications of diabetes Patients with diabetes due to common metabolic, coagulation and vascular abnormalities are more prone to arteriosclerosis and ischemic complications (Beckman et al. , 2002). Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the migration of T lymphocytes and monocytes to the damaged area of ​​the arterial wall. This process plays a central role in the pathogenesis of macrovascular disease leading to luminal stenosis (narrowing of arterial walls) in the peripheral or coronary vasculature (Boyle, 2007; Wagenknecht et al., 2003; Wagenknecht et al., 1997). . Large vessel atherosclerosis is thought to result from the hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia characteristic of diabetes. Clinical manifestations include angina (chest pain) and myocardial infarction (MI), transient ischemic attacks (TIA), stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. In diabetic patients, cytokine production decreases collagen synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells and increases production of matrix metalloproteinases, leading to an increased tendency for plaque destabilization and rupture (van der Wal and Becker, 1999 ). Atherosclerosis o...... middle of article ......patients with type 1 diabetes are much younger than those with type 2 diabetes, and strokes are usually attributed to people elderly. Presence of microvascular complications such as microalbuminuria, diabetic retinopathy and autonomic neuropathy further increases the risk of stroke (Cheung et al., 2007a; Miettinen et al., 1996; Toyry et al., 1996; Cohen et al. , 2003; Rocco et al., 2010). Diabetic neuropathy The word neuropathy is derived from two Latin words: “neuro”, meaning nerve, and “pathy”, meaning disease. Diabetic neuropathies are common complications of diabetes that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetic neuropathy is directly related to the length of axons and the duration of exposure of nerve fibers to hyperglycemia. Depending on the type of neuronal fibers affected, diabetic neuropathy is classified as: (Edwards et al., 2008; Casellini and Vinik, 2007)