1. Summarize key elements of the major personality theories (e.g., type and trait theories, psychodynamic theories, humanistic theories, etc.) discussed in the text. Personality types are distinct patterns of personality characteristics used to classify people into categories (Gerrig 407). One of the elements of this theory is that if a person belongs to one type, he cannot belong to any other. When the theory was first established, it was thought that people could be grouped into four categories: sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic, and choleric. In the past, these were believed to be determined by fluids in the body, such as blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile. In current theory, personality or temperament is related to physique. Each physique type determines what each person's temperament will be. Lately, a new idea has emerged regarding the theory that a person's personality is determined by their birth order. The other part of this theory concerns personality traits. Traits are enduring qualities or attributes that predispose individuals to behave consistently across situations. This states that even if one day you can demonstrate a trait, the next day, depending on the situation, you can do the opposite. In Allport's trait approach, it is stated that traits act as building blocks that connect to produce a person's response to stimuli. The theory led to the belief that 16 factors underlie human personality and determine how one acts. The newest and most popular theory in this category is the five-factor model, which suggests that there are five broad, overlapping factors that determine a person's personality. Psychodynamic theory is based on the assumption that a powerful inner force... middle of article ......Another support system could also be financial, if one is unable to work and I am having financial difficulties. Therefore, family, friends and even a community can help with money by lending and fundraising. There are many different ways to cope and manage stress. Stress can be very detrimental to health and mental stability. An individual must find ways to manage the stress of their daily life, and even find different ways to think about that stress. It is important to maintain a healthy mental state to keep the rest of one's faculties in homeostasis. In times of serious stress such as illness, loss of a loved one, financial difficulties and during great tragedy, this is the time when we need our family, friends and loved ones the most. the company. Gerrig, RJ and Zimbardo, PG (2010). Psychology and life (19th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.