Astin et al. (2011) conducted a study measuring the spiritual and religious development of undergraduate students. The study highlighted higher education's emphasis on outward development of students with coursework, grades, honors, and social organizations toward degree completion. Therefore, the inner development of students had been neglected. Inner development has been described as values, beliefs, morality, spirituality, emotional balance and self-knowledge. Over the past four decades, students' life goals aimed at achieving financial success have increased as they establish a meaningful and purposeful life philosophy. The authors defined spiritual development as providing meaning and purpose in life, values ​​and beliefs in the face of difficult situations, intuition, inspiration, creativity and a sense of connection with others and society. Students perceived religion and spirituality as two distinct concepts. The authors studied three spiritual measures, four spiritual characteristic measures, and five religious measures. The initial sampling in 2004 involved 209 four-year institutions with 98,593 full-time freshmen participating in the survey with a completion rate of 40%. A revised survey was conducted in 2007 among 136 four-year colleges, with 14,527 juniors, initially freshmen, participating in the 2004 survey (Astin et al, 2011). The 2007 survey received a 40% response rate. The aim of the study was to identify the lack of inner development of students with the aim of creating a more holistic educational environment for students, thereby increasing interest in future research on spiritual development in education. This study demonstrates that spiritual leadership extends to higher education.Abstract The studies compare... middle of article......business and management, 5(3). 185-193. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.brenau.edu:2048/docview/821544137/142FA1988977A96D0D1/11?accountid=0708# Young, ME, Roach, L., Hagedorn, w. B. (2009). Assessment of spirituality and meaning in research and clinical settings. American Counseling Association, retrieved from http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~drbryce/ACA_2009_Spirituality_ and_Meaning_Handouts.pdf Yew, L. K. (2013). Once China catches up, so what? Forbes Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/currentevents/2013/09/17/once-china-catches-up-what-thenYusof, JM and Tahir, IM (2011). Spiritual leadership and job satisfaction: A proposed conceptual framework. Information Management and Business Review, 2(6), 239-245. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/876586010?accountid=28180