In these difficult economic times, racism has increased in most developed countries, including France. Even though France is very protective of French culture and language, it is actually a diverse country. According to Gérard Noiriel, social scientist, immigration to France has increased steadily since around 1946 (Noiriel, 1996). While these immigrants are welcomed by industries that view them as cheap, government-protected labor, many citizens greet them with hostility. In the past, the French government has specifically sought to prohibit racism with the French Constitution and the Penal Code of 1994. These two documents are described by the United Nations as "a veritable battery of laws against any racially discriminatory act or practice » (Criminalization of racist acts, 1999). These government measures aim to prevent the spread of racism by prohibiting blatant displays of xenophobia. While these laws are a step in the right direction to prevent widespread racism, the government has also failed to assert that there are no minorities in France. In fact, France is the only Council of Europe nation to have refused to sign the "Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities" and according to the World Directory of Minorities, France has the worst record in terms of minority rights. By refusing to admit that there are minorities in France who need protection, the government has left many immigrant groups behind. While the Constitution aims to protect immigrants against xenophobia and racism, many French citizens can be quite hostile towards immigrant groups, notably Roma and Muslims. The Roma have a complicated history in France and they have been the target of many discriminatory policies and actions..