The role of natural selection in the process of evolutionIn the discourses of anthropology and biology, the concept of human evolution has always been dominant. Renowned naturalists and anthropological theorists have profound opinions on evolution that, although dating back to the 19th century, continue to influence 21st century thinking. Evolution is defined as the gradual change in allele frequencies over a long period of time. Although evolution is an undeniable fact, many people tend to associate the term "evolution" with the origin of life from a single universal ancestor. They also believe that there is sufficient evidence to support this notion. However, a single universal ancestor or common descent is only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the theory of evolution. The phenomenon not only explains how simple particles evolved into life, but also explains how, through several mechanisms such as genetic drift, mutation and natural selection. This essay will explore the theory of natural selection. In his book "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection", Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, proposed the theory of natural selection or commonly known as "Darwinism", derived from the idea of ​​artificial selection . Alfred Russel Wallace, another scientist, also had a similar idea. Natural selection states that in nature, the organisms best adapted to a given set of environmental conditions are the only ones most likely to survive. It is the process by which various species adapt to their physical environment. “We can say metaphorically that natural selection scrutinizes the slightest variations day and hour, throughout the world; reject those who are bad, preserve...... middle of paper ......lution. In the agricultural sector, pest control is commonplace and has been practiced for millennia. However, pests continue to mutate and adapt to become immune to the different insecticides applied to eradicate them. Clearly, this is natural selection at work. Recently, medical experts discovered an antibiotic-resistant strain of the gonorrhea bacteria that is considered more dangerous than HIV/AIDS. Class antibiotics were once effective against bacteria. The HIV virus is also known to evolve rapidly and overcome drugs designed to contain it. All of this can be attributed to the natural selection and evolution of these bacteria and viruses. Small changes in genetic makeup create new and different species that have adapted to the physical environment around them. More than two hundred years later, Darwin's theory has been profoundly explained.