Despite this, Kabir (2005) asserts in his article that the main limitation of normative accounting theories lies in the disagreements between academicians on the basic assumptions and the hypothetical information available to users. Furthermore, the studies also indicate differences in recognition and measurement of evaluation that arise from differences in involvement among theorists. Apart from this, it is worth noting that the debate on normative theories ends up working well in particular practices, which results in the improvement of the accounting system globally. As accounting regulators can refer to this basic measure, researchers can also examine these theories and hypotheses as literature for future research development. Besides its simple and understandable accounting approach, one could suggest that there are no influences of personal bias or manipulation on the part of certain parties in the creation of their theories. However, others might have a different view, as some researchers believe that the development of measurement in the accounting standard associated with positive accounting theories (PAT) developed by Watts and Zimmerman (1978). Studies have argued that neither normative nor prescriptive theories can predict how the underlying factor changes in research. Thus, they begin to develop a theory on how to determine accounting theories and explain the role of theories called positive accounting theory. As normative theories of accounting prescribe that the accounting process must be derived from logical reasoning, PAT theoretically seeks to describe and predict accounting practice in a particular phenomenon. According to the concept of PAT, it suggests that the political process is... ... middle of document ...... the conflicts and criticisms from the development of accounting theories until the adoption of the Whether fair value measurement has been discussed may affect not only the IASB, but also the FASB. Some have claimed that the fair value approach causes difficulties in the practice of financial institutions, but on the other hand, some might support the adoption of the fair value approach as a better access to the real situation in financial reporting, particularly during the crisis of the historical cost approach. Ultimately, the fair value approach still remains for various accounting and measurement in international accounting standards. However, in response to some critical issues, the IASB has currently taken initiatives to replace IAS 39, namely IFRS 9. Although IFRS 9 is still under development, it is hoped that this new accounting standard will be able to resolve the problems of IAS 39. effectively.